Research progress of liquid distributors in packed columns

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1986

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important vapor-liquid mass transfer equipment in chemical unit operation process, packed tower is a key equipment in distillation operation process because of its advantages of high mass transfer efficiency, lower pressure and low energy consumption. Liquid distributor is an important column internal in packed tower, and its structure form is directly related to the distribution of liquid phase in the tower, thus affecting the separation effect of packed tower. This paper systematically introduced the development status of liquid distributors. The influence of the distribution effect of liquid distributor on a packed column's separation efficiency was introduced, including natural flow distribution and radial distribution coefficient. And the theoretical research and design optimization process of various structural types of liquid distributors in the domestic and overseas were analyzed in depth. Then the applicable scenarios of different evaluation methods for various liquid distributors were summarized. Finally, an outlook on the development of liquid distributors was given to provide ideas for the development and design of liquid distributors.

Key words: column, liquid distributor, distribution, fluid mechanics, optimization

摘要：

填料塔作为化工单元操作过程中重要的汽液传质设备，因具有传质效率高、整塔压降低、能耗低等优点，已经成为精馏操作中的关键设备。液体分布器是填料塔中重要的塔内件，其结构形式直接关系到液相物料在塔内的分布情况，从而影响填料塔的分离效果。本文系统介绍了液体分布器的发展现状，从自然流分布、径向分布系数等方面详细总结了分布质量对填料塔分离效率的影响；深入分析了国内外关于各种结构类型的液体分布器的理论研究以及设计优化过程；并总结了不同液体分布器分布质量评价方法的适用场景。文章最后对液体分布器的发展进行了展望，为液体分布器的设计与优化提供了思路。

关键词: 塔器, 液体分布器, 分布, 流体力学, 优化

CLC Number:

TQ053.5

LI Chunli, HAN Xiaoguang, LIU Jiapeng, WANG Yatao, WANG Chenxi, WANG Honghai, PENG Sheng. Research progress of liquid distributors in packed columns[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4479-4495.

李春利, 韩晓光, 刘加朋, 王亚涛, 王晨希, 王洪海, 彭胜. 填料塔液体分布器的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4479-4495.

Figures/Tables 19

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分类方式	类型
推动力	压力式和重力式
用途	通用型和特殊用途型
出口方式	孔流、堰流和薄膜流
结构	管式、槽式和盘式
材质	不锈钢、聚四氟、聚乙烯、聚丙烯

分类方式	类型
推动力	压力式和重力式
用途	通用型和特殊用途型
出口方式	孔流、堰流和薄膜流
结构	管式、槽式和盘式
材质	不锈钢、聚四氟、聚乙烯、聚丙烯

液体分布器	推动力	流出方式	塔径 /m	堵塞可能性	气体阻力	水平度影响	腐蚀影响	液面波动倾向	雾沫夹带	操作弹性	喷淋密度范围 /m³·h^-1·m^-2	重量	分布质量
排管式	重力	孔流	>0.45	大	小	液位低时大	大	无	否	中	2.5～75	中	高
排管式	压力	孔流	>0.45	中	小	小	大	无	是	小	2.5～25	轻	中
孔盘式	重力	孔流	<1.2	大	大	液位低时大	大	有	否	中	2.5～75	中	高
槽盘式	重力	孔流	>1.2	大	中	液位低时大	大	有	否	小	3.7～170	中	高
槽式	重力	堰流	>0.6	小	小	大	小	有	否	大	2.5～125	中	高

液体分布器	推动力	流出方式	塔径 /m	堵塞可能性	气体阻力	水平度影响	腐蚀影响	液面波动倾向	雾沫夹带	操作弹性	喷淋密度范围 /m³·h^-1·m^-2	重量	分布质量
排管式	重力	孔流	>0.45	大	小	液位低时大	大	无	否	中	2.5～75	中	高
排管式	压力	孔流	>0.45	中	小	小	大	无	是	小	2.5～25	轻	中
孔盘式	重力	孔流	<1.2	大	大	液位低时大	大	有	否	中	2.5～75	中	高
槽盘式	重力	孔流	>1.2	大	中	液位低时大	大	有	否	小	3.7～170	中	高
槽式	重力	堰流	>0.6	小	小	大	小	有	否	大	2.5～125	中	高

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