TiO2 nanofluids surface modification and the influence on the vacuum flash ice-making

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1175

Abstract

Abstract:

Electron microscopy, UV spectrophotometry and drying weighing were adopted in the experiment to make a comprehensive assessment of the dispersion stability. The effects of surfactant type surfactant and concentration on the dispersion stability of TiO₂ nanofluids were analyzed. In addition, the TiO₂ nanofluids was used for producing ice slurry in the vacuum flash system. The effects of nano-TiO₂ concentration and surfactant concentration on vacuum flash ice-making of TiO₂ nanofluids under the adsorption condition were analyzed. According to the experimental results, four conclusions were gained. ① The type of surfactant has great impact on the dispersion stability of TiO₂ nanofluids. The flash performance of nanofluids with composite surfactant is the best, followed by the anions. ② Both nano-particles and surfactants can enhance the nucleating effect of TiO₂ nanofluids under vacuum, increase the ice packing factor and reduce the supercooling degree. ③ Surfactant concentration has great effects on system pressure and flash rate in vacuum flash system. With the increase of surfactant concentration, both system pressure and flash rate increase. ④ The best experimental condition of the vacuum flash system by using TiO₂ nanofluids are determined. Under the best condition, the ice packing factor is 18.35%, the supercooling degree is 0.51℃, and the thermal conductivity is 0.920W/(m·K). Compared with the parameters of distilled water, it is improved greatly.

Key words: ice slurry, flash, nanofluids, surfactants, stability, nucleation, ice packing factor

摘要：

利用电镜扫描法、紫外分光光度法及烘干称重法对纳米TiO₂流体的分散稳定性进行了综合评价，研究了表面活性剂种类及浓度对其分散稳定性的影响。将纳米TiO₂流体引入真空闪蒸制取冰浆系统，研究了纳米TiO₂浓度、表面活性剂浓度及对吸附作用下纳米TiO₂流体真空闪蒸制冰的影响。结果表明，表面活性剂类型对纳米TiO₂流体分散稳定性的影响很大，复合型的分散稳定性最佳，其次是阴离子型；纳米粒子及表面活性剂可以增强真空下纳米TiO₂流体的成核效果，增大含冰率，降低过冷度；表面活性剂浓度是影响真空闪蒸制冰系统压力及闪蒸率的重要因素，系统压力及闪蒸率均随着表面活性剂浓度的增大而增大；另外，确定了在吸附作用下真空闪蒸制冰系统中使用纳米TiO₂流体的最佳条件。在最佳条件下，含冰率为18.35%，过冷度为0.51℃，热导率为0.920W/(m·K)，对比蒸馏水有较大改善。吸附作用下真空闪蒸制冰可行性较高，制取冰浆效果优良。

关键词: 冰浆, 闪蒸, 纳米流体, 表面活性剂, 稳定性, 成核, 含冰率

CLC Number:

TK02

Xuelai ZHANG,Qinyue ZHENG,Zhen TIAN,Zhangfei WANG,Xiaoya JIA,Yue CHEN,Xinchen ZHOU,Wei GAN. TiO₂ nanofluids surface modification and the influence on the vacuum flash ice-making[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(03): 1197-1206.

章学来,郑钦月,田镇,王章飞,贾潇雅,陈跃,周鑫晨,甘伟. 纳米TiO₂ 流体表面改性及对真空闪蒸制冰的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(03): 1197-1206.

Figures/Tables 23

References 27

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英文缩写	分子量	类型	外观
SDS/S	288.38	阴离子型	白色粉状
SDBS/SB	348.48	阴离子型	白色粉状
CTAB	364.45	阳离子型	白色粉状
PEG	6000.00	非离子型	白色蜡状
SPAN/SP	430.60	非离子型	淡黄蜡状

英文缩写	分子量	类型	外观
SDS/S	288.38	阴离子型	白色粉状
SDBS/SB	348.48	阴离子型	白色粉状
CTAB	364.45	阳离子型	白色粉状
PEG	6000.00	非离子型	白色蜡状
SPAN/SP	430.60	非离子型	淡黄蜡状

仪器名称	型号	精度	生产公司
安捷伦	34972A	1次·s^-1	是德科技公司
热电阻	NS-Pt100-035-3-2-XC	A级	南京尤尼森自控仪表有限公司
电子天平	FA2004	±0.1mg	上海方瑞仪器有限公司
低温恒温槽	DC6515	—	上海衡平仪器厂
压力传感器	MD-GA-5K-A-A-P2-M1-A-T1	0.5% FS	上海铭动电子科技有限公司
磁力搅拌器	HJ-6A	—	金坛市城西峥嵘实验仪器厂
潜热测试仪器	DSC200F3	0.1%μW	德国Netzsch公司
超声波振荡仪	SY-300	—	上海宁商超声仪器有限公司
电热鼓风干燥箱	DHG-9240	—	上海一恒科学仪器有限公司
热导率测试仪器	TPS2500s	±0.01℃	瑞典Hot Disk有限公司
紫外可见分光光度计	T6新世纪	杂散光 ≤0.05%	北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司
数字化扫描电子显微镜（SEM）	KYKY-EM6000	—	北京中科科仪股份有限公司

仪器名称	型号	精度	生产公司
安捷伦	34972A	1次·s^-1	是德科技公司
热电阻	NS-Pt100-035-3-2-XC	A级	南京尤尼森自控仪表有限公司
电子天平	FA2004	±0.1mg	上海方瑞仪器有限公司
低温恒温槽	DC6515	—	上海衡平仪器厂
压力传感器	MD-GA-5K-A-A-P2-M1-A-T1	0.5% FS	上海铭动电子科技有限公司
磁力搅拌器	HJ-6A	—	金坛市城西峥嵘实验仪器厂
潜热测试仪器	DSC200F3	0.1%μW	德国Netzsch公司
超声波振荡仪	SY-300	—	上海宁商超声仪器有限公司
电热鼓风干燥箱	DHG-9240	—	上海一恒科学仪器有限公司
热导率测试仪器	TPS2500s	±0.01℃	瑞典Hot Disk有限公司
紫外可见分光光度计	T6新世纪	杂散光 ≤0.05%	北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司
数字化扫描电子显微镜（SEM）	KYKY-EM6000	—	北京中科科仪股份有限公司

条件	纳米TiO₂与表面活性剂配比	纳米TiO₂质量分数/％
i	纳米TiO₂∶CTAB=10∶5	0.20
ii	纳米TiO₂∶SDS = 10∶5
iii	纳米TiO₂∶SDBS=10∶5
iv	纳米TiO₂∶SPAN=10∶5
v	纳米TiO₂∶PEG=10∶5

TiO₂ nanofluids surface modification and the influence on the vacuum flash ice-making

纳米TiO₂ 流体表面改性及对真空闪蒸制冰的影响

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Figures/Tables 23

References 27

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条件	复合型表面活性剂复合配比	纳米TiO₂与表面活性剂配比	纳米TiO₂ 质量分数/％
Ⅰ	SDS∶SPAN=10∶0.5	纳米TiO₂∶SDS-SPAN=10∶5	0.20
Ⅱ	SDS∶SPAN=10∶1
Ⅲ	SDS∶SPAN=10∶3
Ⅳ	SDS∶SPAN=10∶5
Ⅴ	SDS∶SPAN=10∶7
Ⅵ	SDS∶SPAN=10∶10
Ⅶ	SDBS∶SPAN =10∶0.5	纳米TiO₂∶SDBS-SPAN = 10∶5	0.20
Ⅷ	SDBS∶SPAN =10∶1
Ⅸ	SDBS∶SPAN=10∶3
Ⅹ	SDBS∶SPAN = 10∶5
Ⅺ	SDBS∶SPAN = 10∶7
Ⅻ	SDBS∶SPAN = 10∶10

条件	纳米TiO₂ 质量分数/％	纳米TiO₂与表面活性剂配比	条件	纳米TiO₂与表面活性剂配比	复合型表面活性剂复合配比	纳米TiO₂质量分数/％
(1)	0.05	纳米TiO₂∶SDBS=10∶5	(6)	纳米TiO₂∶SDBS-SPAN=1∶10	SDBS∶SPAN=10∶7	0.20
(2)	0.10		(7)	纳米TiO₂∶SDBS-SPAN=3∶10
(3)	0.15		(8)	纳米TiO₂∶SDBS-SPAN=5∶10
(4)	0.20		(9)	纳米TiO₂∶SDBS-SPAN=7∶10
(5)	0.25		(10)	纳米TiO₂∶SDBS-SPAN=10∶10

纳米TiO₂ 质量分数/％	过冷度 /℃	含冰率 /％	闪蒸率 /％
0.05	1.70	20.30	44.76
0.10	2.14	14.73	57.64
0.15	2.15	7.79	59.99
0.20	1.54	16.83	44.10
0.25	2.07	7.21	58.20
蒸馏水	2.31	13.05	15.71

纳米TiO₂∶SDBS-SPAN	过冷度/℃	含冰率/%	闪蒸率/%
10∶1	2.00	19.03	38.15
10∶3	1.11	30.25	42.64
10∶5	0.51	18.35	42.56
10∶7	1.08	5.89	50.58
10∶10	0.71	6.28	50.09
蒸馏水	2.31	13.05	15.71

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