A review on preparation and application of activated carbon nanofibers via electrospinning

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016-2277

Abstract

Abstract: Activated carbon nanofibers with large surface area,high electrical and thermal conductivity and high porosity have gained extensive attention and how to further increase their surface area,porosity,especially micropore and mesopore content has been a hot issue to date. Electrospinning has been proved to be a versatile and effective way to prepare continual nanofibers. Activated carbon nanofibers prepared via as-spun precursor and followed by pre-oxidation,carbonization and activation are summarized. The effect of carbon precursor and pore structure control on the structure and properties of the activated carbon nanofibers are detailed discussed. The microstructure of activated carbon nanofibers were determined by as-spun precursor. The pore structure control,including interstitial pore,macrospore,mesopore and micropore is also introduced in detail. The application of activated carbon nanofibers in super capacitors electrode,electrochemical capacitive deionization,adsorption filtration and catalyst supports are reviewed. It may be expected that catalyst in situ loading on activated carbon nanofibers to increase catalytic active sites would be focused on in the future.

Key words: electrospinning, activated carbon fibers, nanomaterials, adsorption, catalyst support

摘要： 活性碳纳米纤维由于比表面积大、导电、导热性好、孔隙率高等优点，得到人们广泛关注。如何进一步提高其比表面积、孔隙率，特别是微孔和介孔的含量，是活性碳纳米纤维面临的主要问题。电纺技术是一种简单、有效、可大量连续制备纳米纤维的方法。本文介绍了电纺制备纳米纤维前体，再通过预氧化、碳化和活化制备活性碳纳米纤维。详细分析了前体选择、孔结构调控对活性碳纳米纤维结构与性能的影响。前体主要决定活性碳纳米纤维产物的微观孔隙结构，孔隙结构调控主要包括间隙孔、大孔、介孔和微孔的调控。回顾了电纺活性碳纳米纤维在超级电容器电极、电吸附除盐电极、吸附过滤和催化剂及其催化剂载体等领域的应用。并提出今后可将催化剂与活性碳纳米纤维原位负载，在提高催化活性点方面进行更为深入的研究，以期获得更广泛的应用。

关键词: 电纺, 活性碳纤维, 纳米材料, 吸附(作用), 催化剂载体

CLC Number:

TQ340.6

LIN Hao, ZHAO Jinyun, HU Jiapeng, LIU Ruilai, RAO Ruiye. A review on preparation and application of activated carbon nanofibers via electrospinning[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(08): 2986-2993.

林皓, 赵瑨云, 胡家朋, 刘瑞来, 饶瑞晔. 电纺制备活性碳纳米纤维及其应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(08): 2986-2993.

References

[1] 蔺波涛,施冬. Sn掺杂TiO₂/ACF复合材料的制备、表征及光催化性能[J]. 化工进展,2016,35(2):549-554. LIN Botao,SHI Dong. Preparation and characterization of Sn doped TiO₂/ACF photocatalytic composite material[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016,35(2):549-554.
[2] MAO X,HATTON T A,RUTLEDGE G C. A review of electrospun carbon fibers as electrode materials for energy storage[J]. Current Organic Chemistry,2013,17(13):1390-1401.
[3] KIM C,YANG K S,KOJIMA M,et al. Fabrication of electrospinning-derived carbon nanofiber webs for the anode material of lithium-ion secondary batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials,2006,16(18):2393-2397.
[4] 张培,张小平,兰永辉,等. 活性炭纤维吸附处理模拟焦化废水尾水[J]. 化工进展,2012,31(12):2786-2790. ZHANG Pei,ZHANG Xiaoping,LAN Yonghui,et al. Adsorption and treatment of simulated coking waste water by activated carbon fiber[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2012,31(12):2786-2790.
[5] CHOI Y K,SUGIMOTO K I,SONG S M,et al. Mechanical and physical properties of epoxy composites reinforced by vapor grown carbon nanofibers[J]. Carbon,2005,43(10):2199-2208.
[6] 吕梦青,曹鼎,石艳,等. 静电纺丝PET/PVA复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能[J]. 化工进展,2012,31(11):2531-2534. LV Mengqing,CAO Ding,SHI Yan,et al. Preparation of drug-loaded polylactic acid-based fibers membranes based on electrospinning technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2012,31(11):2531-2534.
[7] 汪怀远,肖博,王池嘉,等. 静电纺丝法制备氧化钛-氧化石墨复合载体的加氢脱硫性能[J]. 化工学报,2015,66(7):2514-2520. WANG Huaiyuan,XIAO Bo,WANG Chijia,et al. Hydrodesulfurization performance of TiO₂-graphene oxide composite support prepared by electro-spinning[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(7):2514-2520.
[8] ZUSSMAN E,CHEN X,DING W,et al. Mechanical and structural characterization of electrospun PAN-derived carbon nanofibers[J]. Carbon,2005,43(10):2175-2185.
[9] ZHOU Z,LAI C,ZHANG L,et al. Development of carbon nanofibers from aligned electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber bundles and characterization of their microstructural,electrical,and mechanical properties[J]. Polymer,2009,50(13):2999-3006.
[10] ZUSSMAN E,YARIN A L,BAZILEVSKY A V,et al. Electrospun polyaniline/poly(methyl methacrylate)-derived turbostratic carbon micro-/nanotubes[J]. Advanced Materials,2006,18(3):348-353.
[11] KIM C,JEONG Y I,NGOC B T N,et al. Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon nanofibers with hollow cores through the thermal treatment of electrospun copolymeric nanofiber webs[J]. Small,2007,3(1):91-95.
[12] ZHANG Z,LI X,WANG C,et al. Polyacrylonitrile and carbon nanofibers with controllable nanoporous structures by electrospinning[J]. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2009,294(10):673-678.
[13] NIU H,ZHANG J,XIE Z,et al. Preparation,structure and supercapacitance of bonded carbon nanofiber electrode materials[J]. Carbon,2011,49(7):2380-2388.
[14] PARK S H,KIM C,YANG K S. Preparation of carbonized fiber web from electrospinning of isotropic pitch[J]. Synthetic Metals,2004,143(2):175-179.
[15] ROSE M,KOCKRICK E,SENKOVSKA I,et al. High surface area carbide-derived carbon fibers produced by electrospinning of polycarbosilane precursors[J]. Carbon,2010,48(2):403-407.
[16] CHUNG G S,JO S M,KIM B C. Properties of carbon nanofibers prepared from electrospun polyimide[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2005,97(1):165-170.
[17] KIM C,YANG K S. Electrochemical properties of carbon nanofiber web as an electrode for supercapacitor prepared by electrospinning[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2003,83(6):1216-1218.
[18] YUN Y S,IM C,PARK H H,et al. Hierarchically porous carbon nanofibers containing numerous heteroatoms for supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2013,234:285-291.
[19] KIM C. Electrochemical characterization of electrospun activated carbon nanofibres as an electrode in supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2005,142(1/2):382-388.
[20] KIM C,CHOI Y O,LEE W J,et al. Supercapacitor performances of activated carbon fiber webs prepared by electrospinning of PMDA-ODA poly(amic acid) solutions[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2004,50(2/3):883-887.
[21] CHAU T,KALRA V. Fabrication of porous carbon nanofibers with adjustable pore sizes as electrodes for supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2013,235:289-296.
[22] MA C,SONG Y,SHI J,et al. Phenolic-based carbon nanofiber webs prepared by electrospinning for supercapacitors[J]. Materials Letters,2012,76:211-214.
[23] KIM C H,KIM B-H. Zinc oxide/activated carbon nanofiber composites for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2015,274:512-520.
[24] KIM B-H,YANG K S,WOO H-G. Thin,bendable electrodes consisting of porous carbon nanofibers via the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile containing tetraethoxy orthosilicate for supercapacitor[J]. Electrochemistry Communications,2011,13(10):1042-1046.
[25] KIM B-H,KIM C H,YANG K S,et al. Electrospun vanadium pentoxide/carbon nanofiber composites for supercapacitor electrodes[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2012,83:335-340.
[26] XU H,HU X,SUN Y,et al. Highly porous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C nanofibers for ultrafast electrochemical energy storage[J]. Nano Energy,2014,10:163-171.
[27] CHAKRABARTI M H,LOW C T J,BRANDON N P,et al. Progress in the electrochemical modification of graphene-based materials and their applications[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2013,107:425-440.
[28] WANG J-G,YANG Y,HUANG Z-H,et al. Synthesis and electrochemical performance of MnO₂/CNTs-embedded carbon nanofibers nanocomposites for supercapacitors[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2012,75:213-219.
[29] ZHOU Z,WU X-F. Graphene-beaded carbon nanofibers for use in supercapacitor electrodes:synthesis and electrochemical characterization[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2013,222:410-416.
[30] WANG G,PAN C,WANG L P,et al. Activated carbon nanofiber webs made by electrospinning for capacitive deionization[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2012,69(3):65-70.
[31] LIU J,WANG S,YANG J,et al. ZnCl² activated electrospun carbon nanofiber for capacitive desalination[J]. Desalination,2014,344:446-453.
[32] 王程斋,刘建允,廖金金,等. ZnCl²/PAN基静电纺多孔碳纳米纤维电极的制备及其电容脱盐性能[J]. 东华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(5):527-531. WANG Chengzhai,LIU Jianyun,LIAO JInjin,et al. Hydrodesulfurization performance of TiO₂-graphene oxide composite support prepared by electro-spinning[J]. Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science),2014,40(5):527-531.
[33] LIU Y,MA J Q,LU T,et al. Electrospun carbon nanofibers reinforced 3D porous carbon polyhedra network derived from metal-organic frameworks for capacitive deionization[J]. Scientific Reports,2016,6:32784-32790.
[34] WANG G,DONG Q,LING Z,et al. Hierarchical activated carbon nanofiber webs with tuned structure fabricated by electrospinning for capacitive deionization[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012,22(41):21819-21823.
[35] BARAKAT N A M,EL-DEEN A G,KHALIL K A. Effective modified carbon nanofibers as electrodes for capacitive deionization process[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,2014,2(1):38-42.
[36] ZHANG T,ZHAO H,HUANG X X,et al. Li-ion doped graphene/carbon nanofiber porous architectures for electrochemical capacitive desalination[J]. Desalination,2016,379:118-125.
[37] WANG G,DONG Q,WU T T,et al. Ultrasound-assisted preparation of electrospun carbon fiber/graphene electrodes for capacitive deionization:importance and unique role of electrical conductivity[J]. Carbon,2016,103:311-317.
[38] EL-DEEN A G,BARAKAT N A M,KHALIL K A,et al. Hollow carbon nanofibers as an effective electrode for brackish water desalination using the capacitive deionization process[J]. New Journal of Chemistry,2014,38(1):198-205.
[39] NAN D,LIU J,MA W. Electrospun phenolic resin-based carbon ultrafine fibers with abundant ultra-small micropores for CO₂ adsorption[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,276:44-50.
[40] WU Y-B,BI J,LOU T,et al. Preparation of a novel PAN/cellulose acetate-Ag based activated carbon nanofiber and its adsorption performance for low-concentration SO₂[J]. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials,2015,22(4):437-445.
[41] SONG T B,WU Y B,SUN P,et al. Preparation of TiO₂-ACF by electrospinning and its adsorption performance for low concentration SO₂[J]. Material Science and Advanced Technologies in Manufacturing,2014,852:51-55.
[42] OH G Y,JU Y W,JUNG H R,et al. Preparation of the novel manganese-embedded PAN-based activated carbon nanofibers by electrospinning and their toluene adsorption[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2008,81(2):211-217.
[43] KATEPALLI H,BIKSHAPATHI M,SHARMA C S,et al. Synthesis of hierarchical fabrics by electrospinning of PAN nanofibers on activated carbon microfibers for environmental remediation applications[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,171(3):1194-1200.
[44] BAI Y,HUANG Z H,KANG F Y. Surface oxidation of activated electrospun carbon nanofibers and their adsorption performance for benzene,butanone and ethanol[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2014,443:66-71.
[45] GIBSON P,SCHREUDER-GIBSON H,RIVIN D. Transport properties of porous membranes based on electrospun nanofibers[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2001,187:469-481.
[46] WANG M X,HUANG Z H,SHEN K,et al. Catalytically oxidation of NO into NO₂ at room temperature by graphitized porous nanofibers[J]. Catalysis Today,2013,201:109-114.
[47] CHEN L P,HONG S G,ZHOU X P,et al. Novel Pd-carrying composite carbon nanofibers based on polyacrylonitrile as a catalyst for Sonogashira coupling reaction[J]. Catalysis Communications,2008,9(13):2221-2225.
[48] BAZARGAN A M,ESMAEILPOUR M,KEYANPOUR-RAD M. Catalytically graphitized electrospun carbon nanofibers adorned with nickel nanoparticles for catalysis applications[J]. Journal of Nanostructures,2016,6(1):52-57.
[49] ITO Y,TAKEUCHI T,TSUJIGUCHI T,et al. Ultrahigh methanol electro-oxidation activity of PtRu nanoparticles prepared on TiO₂-embedded carbon nanofiber support[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2013,242:280-288.