超级电容器用活性炭国产化关键化学与化工问题

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0394

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超级电容器具有功率密度高、循环寿命长和安全可靠等优点，在电动汽车、轨道交通、新能源、电磁弹射和激光武器等领域已广泛应用。然而，作为超级电容器的关键电极材料——活性炭，始终未实现国产化，一直依赖从日本和韩国进口，极大地制约了国内超级电容器及其下游产业的发展。本文综述了超级电容器用活性炭的理化性能对其电化学性能的影响，介绍了国内外超级电容器用活性炭产业现状，指出了其生产过程中制约产品品质的典型传质和传热等化工问题。文章提出，应在现有活性炭基础上建立全面合理的超级电容器用活性炭指标体系，从而指导其国产化工艺开发。针对其生产工艺和装备开展仿真模拟研究，以解决国产炭材料批次稳定性和一致性的问题，保障超级电容器行业关键材料自主可控。

关键词: 超级电容器, 活性炭, 指标体系, 传质, 传热, 纯化, 稳定性

Abstract:

Supercapacitors have widely been applied in electric vehicle, rail traffic, new energy, electromagnetic launch and laser weapons owing to their high power density, long cycling life, safety and reliability. However, the active carbon, as key electrodes for supercapacitor, is still imported from Japan and South Korea due to the lack of domestic industrialization, which greatly restricts the development of supercapacitors and their downstream industry. This paper summarized the effect of physical and chemical property of active carbons on its electrochemical performances and the industry status of active carbons for supercapacitors. The heat and mass transfer issues during the productive process that limited the quality of active carbons were also discussed. To better guide the domestic industrialization, it was highly desired to establish the comprehensive index system of active carbon for supercapacitor based on the current technology. Meanwhile, simulation study focused on manufacturing technique and equipment was needed to solve the problems of poor stability and consistency of domestic active carbon, ensuring the independence controllable production of critical materials for supercapacitor industry.

Key words: supercapacitor, active carbon, index system, mass transfer, heat transfer, purification, stability

中图分类号:

TQ127.1

孔庆强, 黄显虹, 王振兵, 郭晓倩, 谢莉婧, 苏方远, 孙国华, 陈成猛. 超级电容器用活性炭国产化关键化学与化工问题[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 5088-5096.

KONG Qingqiang, HUANG Xianhong, WANG Zhenbing, GUO Xiaoqian, XIE Lijing, SU Fangyuan, SUN Guohua, CHEN Chengmeng. Key chemistry and chemical engineering issues in the localization of active carbon for supercapacitor[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 5088-5096.

图/表 5

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指标	数值
碳质量分数/%	>99.5
表面官能团含量/meq·g^-1	<0.50
比表面积/m²·g^-1	>1500
电极密度/g·cm^-3	>0.5
灰分（质量分数）/%	<0.5
金属元素含量/μg·g^-1	<100
粒径分布/μm	5~12
比容量/F·g^-1	>120（有机体系）

指标	数值
碳质量分数/%	>99.5
表面官能团含量/meq·g^-1	<0.50
比表面积/m²·g^-1	>1500
电极密度/g·cm^-3	>0.5
灰分（质量分数）/%	<0.5
金属元素含量/μg·g^-1	<100
粒径分布/μm	5~12
比容量/F·g^-1	>120（有机体系）

厂家	型号	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	孔容 /cm³·g^-1	灰分（质量分数）/%	铁含量^② /μg·g^-1	碳质量分数^②/%	比电容
厂家	型号	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	孔容 /cm³·g^-1	灰分（质量分数）/%	铁含量^② /μg·g^-1	碳质量分数^②/%	/F·g^-1	/F·cm^-3
日本可乐丽公司（Kuraray Chemical）^［2］	YP50F	1600	0.7	0.3	25	95.99	28	19
日本可乐丽公司（Kuraray Chemical）^［2］	YP80F	2100	0.94	0.5	—	—	32	18
韩国PCT公司Power Carbon Technology^①	CEP21KSN	1650~1950	—	<0.1	22	96.90	36.2	17.5
	CEP21KS	1850~2150	—	<0.1	—	—	37.5	18.1
	PCT9	1850~2050	—	<0.1	—	—	35.6	17.1
美国EnerG2^①	AeroVolt	1725	0.70~1.30	<0.02	—	—	—	—
斯里兰卡Haycarb^②	—	1572	0.83	0.012	25	97.65	—	—
河南大潮炭能^②	—	1919	0.89	0.239	199	96.33	—	—
福建元力^②	—	1705	0.43	0.127	130	94.85	—	—
浙江阿佩克斯^②	—	1798	0.81	0.109	74	97.05	—	—
广西北海星石^②	—	1637	0.85	0.290	144	—	—	—

厂家	型号	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	孔容 /cm³·g^-1	灰分（质量分数）/%	铁含量^② /μg·g^-1	碳质量分数^②/%	比电容
厂家	型号	比表面积 /m²·g^-1	孔容 /cm³·g^-1	灰分（质量分数）/%	铁含量^② /μg·g^-1	碳质量分数^②/%	/F·g^-1	/F·cm^-3
日本可乐丽公司（Kuraray Chemical）^［2］	YP50F	1600	0.7	0.3	25	95.99	28	19
日本可乐丽公司（Kuraray Chemical）^［2］	YP80F	2100	0.94	0.5	—	—	32	18
韩国PCT公司Power Carbon Technology^①	CEP21KSN	1650~1950	—	<0.1	22	96.90	36.2	17.5
	CEP21KS	1850~2150	—	<0.1	—	—	37.5	18.1
	PCT9	1850~2050	—	<0.1	—	—	35.6	17.1
美国EnerG2^①	AeroVolt	1725	0.70~1.30	<0.02	—	—	—	—
斯里兰卡Haycarb^②	—	1572	0.83	0.012	25	97.65	—	—
河南大潮炭能^②	—	1919	0.89	0.239	199	96.33	—	—
福建元力^②	—	1705	0.43	0.127	130	94.85	—	—
浙江阿佩克斯^②	—	1798	0.81	0.109	74	97.05	—	—
广西北海星石^②	—	1637	0.85	0.290	144	—	—	—

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