以生物质为原料的未来绿色氢能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1500

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前开发氢能技术已具备了推广应用的基本条件，而发展生物质为原料的绿色氢能将有助于解决氢气来源绿色化与氢气储运成本两大问题。本文首先从解决氢能源发展制约因素、实现碳中和目标、加速生物质资源化能源化利用的角度阐述了发展生物质绿色氢能的意义。接着，从氢能产业的政策环境和技术成熟度分析出发，对我国氢能源的制取和储运技术发展现状及存在的问题进行了分析，比较高压、液氢和含氢化合物作为氢载体储运的几种方式，提出以生物质作为氢载体储运具有的突出优势。最后，探讨了生物质氢载体未来的发展方向，对氢生产和储运的多条技术路径成本和产业化前景进行了初步技术经济分析，指出以生物质为原料生产的甲烷、甲醇和乙醇有望成为最先实现产业化的储氢载体，在未来将有可能成为实现氢燃料电池“绿色化”的一种经济可行的方式。

关键词: 生物质, 氢能, 氢载体, 成本分析

Abstract:

Using biomass to produce the hydrogen energy could give the hydrogen energy a safer storage form, overcome the hydrogen energy-transportation cost issue, as well as make the hydrogen energy “greener”. Therefore, this is a fundamentally adaptable approach for hydrogen energy development. In this article, the significance of developing biomass green hydrogen energy was addressed first, from the perspectives of solving the constraints of hydrogen energy development, achieving the goal of carbon neutralization, and accelerating the utilization of biomass resources and energy. Secondly, based on the analysis of the policy environment and technology maturity of the hydrogen energy industry, the development status and existing problems of hydrogen energy production, storage, and transportation technology in China were analyzed. Several storage and transportation methods were compared here. The advance of using biomass as a hydrogen carrier was proposed. At last, the future development of biomass hydrogen storage carriers was discussed. The cost and industrialization prospect of several technical paths of hydrogen production was compared and analyzed. It is clear that using methane, methanol, and ethanol produced from biomass are expected to be the first hydrogen storage carrier to realize industrialization, In the future, it will become an economic and feasible way to realize the “greener” of the hydrogen fuel cell.

Key words: biomass, hydrogen energy, hydrogen carrier, cost analysis

中图分类号:

岳国君, 林海龙, 彭元亭, 闵剑, 王梦, 熊强. 以生物质为原料的未来绿色氢能[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(8): 4678-4684.

YUE Guojun, LIN Hailong, PENG Yuanting, MIN Jian, WANG Meng, XIONG Qiang. Future green hydrogen energy from biomass[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(8): 4678-4684.

图/表 5

图1 生物质制氢路线

表1 不同生物质原料产气潜力[23] (mL·g-1)

原料	TS产气潜力	VS产气潜力
玉米苞皮	506	612
稻草秸秆	457	570
木薯渣	—	249
甘蔗渣	201	212
水葫芦	634	834
太湖蓝藻	379	411
滇池蓝藻	487	491

图2 不同原料路线的制氢生产成本

图3 低碳制氢生产成本比较

图4 不同路线的氢气使用成本

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