可溶性硅酸钠盐水溶液对金属腐蚀性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1420

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究可溶性硅酸钠盐水溶液对金属的腐蚀特性，用钢片和铝片作为测试试样，用金属腐蚀性测试仪对其一周腐蚀速率进行了分析。分别考察了3种不同模数的硅酸钠盐在5种不同浓度时对钢片试样和铝片试样的腐蚀情况。结果表明，可溶性硅酸钠盐水溶液对钢不具有腐蚀性，对铝产生较强的腐蚀性，且对铝的腐蚀性为吸氧腐蚀，腐蚀从气液界面开始，然后向周围蔓延，出现先均匀腐蚀后点蚀的现象。硅酸钠模数大于等于3时，其水溶液对铝的腐蚀性较小，未达到金属腐蚀物的范围。模数小于等于2时，其水溶液对铝的腐蚀速率较快，当质量分数达到一定范围，即可划入金属腐蚀物。同时给出了划入金属腐蚀物的质量分数范围，为日常生产、储存、使用、监管和运输提供了重要的参考。

关键词: 硅酸钠盐, 腐蚀, 金属腐蚀物, 安全, 分类

Abstract:

In order to study the corrosion characteristics of soluble sodium silicate solution to metals, steel sheets and aluminum sheets were used as samples, and the corrosion rate of one week was tested by metal corrosivity tester. The corrosion of three different modulus sodium silicates on steel and aluminium specimens in five different concentrations was investigated. The results show that the soluble sodium silicate solution has no corrosiveness to steel and strong corrosivity to aluminium, and the corrosivity to aluminium is oxygen absorption corrosion. The corrosion starts from the gas-liquid interface, and then spreads to the surrounding area, and the phenomenon of uniform corrosion followed by pitting corrosion appears. When the modulus of sodium silicate is greater than or equal to 3, the aqueous solution is less corrosive to aluminium and does not reach the range of metal corrosives. When the modulus is less than or equal to 2, the corrosion rate of aluminium in aqueous solution is faster. When the mass fraction reaches a certain range, it can be classified as metal corrosives. At the same time, the mass fraction range of metal corrosives is given, which can provide an important reference for daily production, storage, use, supervision and transportation.

Key words: sodium silicate, corrosion, metal corrosives, safety, classification

中图分类号:

X937

吴保意, 刘奥林, 张金梅, 李运才. 可溶性硅酸钠盐水溶液对金属腐蚀性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S2): 78-82.

Baoyi WU, Aolin LIU, Jinmei ZHANG, Yuncai LI. Corrosivity of soluble sodium silicate aqueous solution to metals[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S2): 78-82.

图/表 6

参考文献 16

1	张永波, 夏举佩, 罗中秋. 低模数水玻璃制备硅灰石试验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2016, 35(10): 3388-3389.
	ZHANG Yongbo, XIA Jupei, LUO Zhongqiu. Experimental study on the wollastonite prepared by low modulus water glass[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2016, 35(10): 3388-3389.
2	王哲, 赵志飞, 魏丽乔, 等. 硅酸钾和硅酸钠灌浆型防火玻璃的研究[J]. 应用化工, 2018, 47(12): 2791-2792.
	WANG Zhe, ZHAO Zhifei, WEI Liqiao, et al. Research on potassium silicate and sodium silicate grouting fire-proof glass[J]. Applied Chemical Industry, 2018, 47(12): 2791-2792.
3	王佳东, 申晓毅, 翟玉春, 等. 硅酸钠溶液分步碳分制备高纯沉淀氧化硅[J]. 化工学报, 2010, 61(4): 1064-1068.
	WANG Jiadong, SHEN Xiaoyi, ZHAI Yuchun, et al. Preparation of high purity SiO₂ by split-step carbonation process from industrial sodium silicate solution[J]. CHESC Journal, 2010, 61(4): 1064-1068.
4	孙勤. 我国硅酸钠的生产及开发应用现状[J]. 氯碱工业, 2001(12): 29-31.
	SUN Qin. Present situation of production , development and application of sodium silicate in China[J]. Chlor-Alkali Industry, 2001(12): 29-31.
5	和晓才, 谢刚, 李怀仁, 等. 偏硅酸钠溶液加压脱铝、钛的工艺研究[J]. 稀有金属, 2013, 37(2): 277-282.
	HE Xiaocai, XIE Gang, LI Huairen, et al. Removal of aluminum and titanium from sodium silicate solution under high temperature and pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2013, 37(2): 277-282.
6	缪应菊, 连明磊, 胡江良, 等. 五水偏硅酸钠制备工艺现状[J]. 无机盐工业, 2014, 46(12): 8-11.
	MIAO Yingju, LIAN Minglei, HU Jiangliang, et al. Present situation of preparation technology of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2014, 46(12): 8-11.
7	陈东浩. 危险货物与危险化学品比较研究[J]. 科技管理研究, 2016(21): 207-208.
	CHEN Donghao. Research on comparison between dangerous goods and hazardous chemicals[J]. Science and Technology Management Research, 2016(21): 207-208.
8	吴保意, 郭璐, 张金梅, 等. 二氧化硫脲自热危险性的研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2013, 9(9): 19-23.
	WU Baoyi, GUO Lu, ZHANG Jinmei, et al. Study on self-heating hazard of thiourea dioxide[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2013, 9(9): 19-23.
9	傅惠民, 张少波. 金属腐蚀性能导数预测方法[J]. 机械强度, 2005, 27(1): 57-58.
	FU Huimin, ZHANG Shaobo. Derivative prediction method for corrosion of metallic materials[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2005, 27(1): 57-58.
10	Nations United. Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods-model regulations[M]. 20th ed. New York and Geneva: United Nations Publications, 2017.
11	铁路危险货物品名表[M]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 2009: 489-489.
	Railway dangerous goods[M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2009: 489-489.
12	张浩勤, 李爱云, 李有贤. 可溶性硅酸盐及其发展方向[J]. 河南化工, 1995(9): 2-3.
	ZHANG Haoqin, LI Aiyun, LI Youxian. Soluble silicate and its development direction[J]. Henan Chemical Industry, 1995(9): 2-3.
13	李亚林, 王顺风, 马雪, 等. 水玻璃对地质聚合物抗压强度及孔结构的影响[J]. 非金属矿, 2017, 40(2): 46-49.
	LI Yalin, WANG Shunfeng, MA Xue, et al. Effect of water glass on compressive strength and pore structure of geopolymers[J]. Non-Metallic Mines, 2017, 40(2): 46-49.
14	王然, 衣守志, 李晴, 等. 热固化对螺纹钢上硅酸钠防锈膜性能的影响[J]. 电镀与涂饰, 2016(20): 1056-1060.
	WANG Ran, YI Shouzhi, LI Qing, et al. Effect of heat curing treatment on properties of sodium silicate conversion antirust coating on rebar[J].Electroplating &Finishing, 2016(20): 1056-1060.
15	Nations United. Recommendation on the transport of dangerous goods-manual of test and criteria[M]. 6th ed. New York and Geneva: United Nations Publications, 2015.
16	Nations United. Globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals[M]. 6th ed. New York and Geneva: United Nations Publications, 2015.

序号	名称	模数（n）	pH[0.1% （质量分数）]	pH[1% （质量分数）]	pH（饱和溶液）
1	硅酸钠	3	10.96	12.63	13.35
2	硅酸钠	2	11.15	12.53	13.42
3	偏硅酸钠	1	11.91	13.03	13.57
4	五水偏硅酸钠	1	11.27	12.70	13.48
5	九水偏硅酸钠	1	10.86	12.59	13.47

序号	名称	模数（n）	pH[0.1% （质量分数）]	pH[1% （质量分数）]	pH（饱和溶液）
1	硅酸钠	3	10.96	12.63	13.35
2	硅酸钠	2	11.15	12.53	13.42
3	偏硅酸钠	1	11.91	13.03	13.57
4	五水偏硅酸钠	1	11.27	12.70	13.48
5	九水偏硅酸钠	1	10.86	12.59	13.47

序号	名称	模数（n）	最大腐蚀速率/%	最大腐蚀速率对应质量分数/%
1	硅酸钠	3	11.52	13.63
2	硅酸钠	2	23.47	11.75
3	无水偏硅酸钠	1	57.83	10.03
4	五水偏硅酸钠	1	32.29	10.40
5	九水偏硅酸钠	1	29.62	10.30

序号	名称	模数（n）	最大腐蚀速率/%	最大腐蚀速率对应质量分数/%
1	硅酸钠	3	11.52	13.63
2	硅酸钠	2	23.47	11.75
3	无水偏硅酸钠	1	57.83	10.03
4	五水偏硅酸钠	1	32.29	10.40
5	九水偏硅酸钠	1	29.62	10.30

序号	名称	模数（n）	GHS分类（金属腐蚀物）	GHS分类（皮肤腐蚀物）	TDG分类（腐蚀性）
1	硅酸钠	3	非金属腐蚀物	类别2	非腐蚀性物质
2	硅酸钠	2	类别1（C≥4.3%）	类别1（C≥5%）	UN3266（C≥4.3%）
3	无水偏硅酸钠	1	类别1（C≥1.5%）	类别1（C≥5%）	UN3266（C≥1.5%）
4	五水偏硅酸钠	1	类别1（C≥2.4%）	类别1（C≥5%）	UN3266（C≥2.4%）
5	九水偏硅酸钠	1	类别1（C≥3.0%）	类别1（C≥5%）	UN3266（C≥3.0%）