高含硫气井井控安全评价及井喷应急能力提升对策

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1419

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对川东北地区高含硫气井钻井过程中的井喷失控风险，以典型M井为研究对象，通过“溢流-井涌-井喷”事故链对现有井控保护层进行分析后确定其可靠性，并以基于FLACS软件的M井井喷失控导致的硫化氢泄漏扩散仿真模拟为基础，结合现场实际及周边人员分布情况，对M井钻井现场的应急处置、应急疏散、事故后果消除等应急能力进行评估。研究结果表明，M井现有的三级井控保护层可以基本满足高含硫气井钻井安全要求，但无法彻底消除由于复杂纵向压力层系导致的恶性井喷失控风险，一旦发生井喷失控极有可能导致大规模的人员伤亡。针对识别出的关键风险及应急能力不足之处，提出了针对性的安全保障对策及建议，为高含硫气田安全开发及风险管控能力提升提供决策支持。

关键词: 安全, 高含硫气井, 井控, 扩散, 数值模拟, 应急处置

Abstract:

Contrary to blowout risk of high sulfur gas wells in Northeast Sichuan, the reliability of the existing well control protection layer is determined after analyzing the typical well M "overflow kick blowout" accident chain. Then, based on the simulation of hydrogen sulfide leakage and diffusion caused by uncontrolled blowout of well M based on FLACS software, combined with the actual situation, emergency disposal, emergency evacuation and accident consequences of well M are analyzed The emergency response capacity was evaluated. The results show that the well control measures of well M can basically meet the safety requirements of high sulfur gas wells, but can not completely eliminate the risk of uncontrolled malignant blowout. Once the blowout is out of control, it will inevitably lead to large-scale casualties. In view of the identified key risks and deficiencies of emergency response capability, the corresponding security countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to provide decision support for the safe development of high sulfur gas fields and the improvement of risk control ability.

Key words: safety, high hydrogen sulfide natural gas well, well control, diffusion, numerical simulation, emergency treatment

中图分类号:

TE28

高凯歌, 李勇, 朱先俊, 葛鹏飞, 赵桂利, 刘铭刚, 逄铭玉. 高含硫气井井控安全评价及井喷应急能力提升对策[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S2): 83-88.

Kaige GAO, Yong LI, Xianjun ZHU, Pengfei GE, Guili ZHAO, Minggang LIU, Mingyu PANG. Safety evaluation of well control of high-sulfur gas wells and measures to improve blowout emergency capability[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S2): 83-88.

图/表 9

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项目	名称	项目	数值
井号	M井	地温梯度/℃·m^-1	0.0213
井型	水平井	气藏压力/MPa	65
开次	三开	H₂S体积分数/%	15.82
目的层	T1f1-2、P2ch	CO₂体积分数/%	8.19

项目	名称	项目	数值
井号	M井	地温梯度/℃·m^-1	0.0213
井型	水平井	气藏压力/MPa	65
开次	三开	H₂S体积分数/%	15.82
目的层	T1f1-2、P2ch	CO₂体积分数/%	8.19

序号	保护层名称	保护层描述
1	溢流实时监测	① 钻井液循环罐液面报警器、综合录井技术监测溢流 ② “三岗联坐”监测溢流，定专人、定点观察
2	关井及压井作业	发现溢流由司钻通过司控台立即关井（1min），及时求取关井立压、套压、溢流量，确定压井方案
3	放喷点火	若井口压力超过关井压力，则进行放喷点火，先点火后放喷。井场配备3种点火方式，其中一套为电子自动点火，能够在5min内点火成功
4	井口点火	井喷失控后，失控井无希望得到控制的情况下，作为最后手段应按抢险作业程序在爆炸危险区以外对气井井口实施点火

序号	保护层名称	保护层描述
1	溢流实时监测	① 钻井液循环罐液面报警器、综合录井技术监测溢流 ② “三岗联坐”监测溢流，定专人、定点观察
2	关井及压井作业	发现溢流由司钻通过司控台立即关井（1min），及时求取关井立压、套压、溢流量，确定压井方案
3	放喷点火	若井口压力超过关井压力，则进行放喷点火，先点火后放喷。井场配备3种点火方式，其中一套为电子自动点火，能够在5min内点火成功
4	井口点火	井喷失控后，失控井无希望得到控制的情况下，作为最后手段应按抢险作业程序在爆炸危险区以外对气井井口实施点火

硫化氢浓度/μL·L^-1	距井口距离/m
100	500
300	484
500	470
1000	460