化工进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 3723-3738.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1903

• 精细化工 • 上一篇    下一篇

木醋液制备及形成机理研究进展

王才威1,2(), 张守玉2, 杨东杰1, 邱学青3()   

  1. 1.华南理工大学化学与化工学院,广东省绿色精细化学产品工程技术研究开发中心,制浆造纸工程 国家重点实验室,广东 广州 510640
    2.上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海 200093
    3.广东工业 大学轻工化工学院,广东 广州 510086
  • 出版日期:2020-09-05 发布日期:2020-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 邱学青
  • 作者简介:王才威(1994—),男,博士研究生,研究方向为生物质资源化高值利用。E-mail:caiwei_wang1007@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21436004);广东省科技计划(2017B090903003);广州市科技计划(201704030126)

Research advance in preparation and formation mechanism of wood vinegar

Caiwei WANG1,2(), Shouyu ZHANG2, Dongjie YANG1, Xueqing QIU3()   

  1. 1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
    2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
    3.School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510086, Guangdong, China
  • Online:2020-09-05 Published:2020-09-11
  • Contact: Xueqing QIU

摘要:

生物质能具有来源广泛、绿色无污染、可再生和低廉易得等优点,开发高附加值产品对生物质资源多元化利用和解决能源危机具有重要的战略意义。木醋液是生物质热解制炭工艺中的高价值酸性副产物,已被广泛应用于农业、林业、畜牧业、工业和医药业等多个领域,均显现出正面的促进作用。本文综述了木醋液制备工艺、理化性质、分离方法及形成机理的研究进展,从生物质组分(半纤维素、纤维素和木质素)热解的角度阐述了木醋液中主要有机化合物的形成机理。木醋液颜色呈浅黄色或红褐色,密度为1.00~1.13g/cm3,pH为2.27~3.32,有机酸含量为2.07%~13.82%,热解温度170~350°C下制得的木醋液的物理及化学性质满足日本农用木醋液标准。文章指出木醋液富含酸类、酚类、酮类、呋喃类、醛类、醇类、酯类和醚类有机物,酸类化合物(主要是乙酸)和酚类化合物(主要是愈创木酚)使木醋液具备优良的抗微生物活性和抗氧化活性,并且酚类化合物使其具有烟熏气味的独特性质。联合不同单一分离法精制木醋液的效果最佳,可适用于不同领域的多种用途。在生物质热解过程中,游离水、吸附水和结合水随着温度升高依次析出,半纤维素、纤维素和木质素再分解成挥发性有机物质与水,共同冷凝后形成木醋液。但是,传统热解工艺制备得到木醋液的产率低及温度对成分含量的影响显著是限制木醋液发展的主要瓶颈。水热法是一种新兴的木醋液制备技术,其产率高,焦油成分少,包含的有机化合物种类更多。此外,从生物油中直接萃取也可快速制备含有相同有机组分的木醋液。因此,本文提出未来研究应着重于开发和研究高效且便捷的木醋液制备技术、分离技术及其机理,同时结合先进的催化技术与膜分离技术,以便利于制备高品质木醋液和直接地应用于不同领域,早日实现木醋液的规模化应用。

关键词: 生物质, 热解, 木醋液, 分离, 形成机理

Abstract:

Biomass energy has been utilized to diverse fields in recent years because of the advantages of abundant resource, non-pollution, sustainability, low cost and easy acquisition, etc. The exploitation for high-value added products are of great significance to the diversity of resource utilization and the solution of energy crisis. Wood vinegar (WV) is a high-value added and environmentally friendly by-product from the production of biomass charcoal via a pyrolysis process. WV has been widely used in the various fields, e.g., agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, energy industry and pharmaceutical industry, etc., on which WV had the positive effects. The review summarizes the recent research progresses in the preparation technologies, physicochemical properties and separation technologies of WV, and expounds the formation mechanisms of WV from the perspectives of the pyrolysis of biomass constitutions, i.e., hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The color and density of WV are buff or reddish brown and 1.00—1.13g/cm3, respectively. The pH value and organic acid content of WV are 2.27—3.32 and 2.07%—13.82%, respectively. Particularly, WV prepared at 170—350°C meets the Japanese standard of WV in agricultural use. The acids, phenols, ketones, furans, aldehydes, alcohols, esters and ethers organic matters are abundant in WV. Wherein, the excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities are attributed to the acidic and phenolic compounds, mainly acetic acid and guaiacol. Especially, the unique characteristic of smoke odor is caused by the phenols. In general, the high-quality WV is obtained by the combination of different separation methods, which could be used for several applications in various fields. During the pyrolytic process, free water, absorbed water and bound water in biomass are firstly evaporated out in sequence with the increasing temperature. Then, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are decomposed into the volatile organic matters and H2O. Finally, WV is formed by the co-condensation of all matters. However, there exists the bottlenecks that the yield of WV prepared by traditional pyrolytic process is low and the effect of temperature on the content of composition is significant. It is reported that WV prepared by hydrothermal process had high yield and low content of tar, including more abundant types of the organic compounds. Besides, direct extraction from bio-oil provides an alternative way to prepare WV with the same organic components. Above all, future researches should pay more attention to not only develop the high-efficient and simple technologies to produce and separate WV, but also investigate the process mechanisms. Simultaneously, it is facilitate to prepare high-quality WV by the combination of advanced catalytic technology and membrane separation technology, utilizing in the various fields directly, in order to achieve the large-scale application as soon as possible.

Key words: biomass, pyrolysis, wood vinegar, separation, formation mechanism

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