化工进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 4954-4962.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0985

• 专栏:化工过程强化 • 上一篇    下一篇

油水强化分离技术

卢浩1(), 刘懿谦1, 代品一1, 潘志程1, 李裕东1, 武世汉1, 杨强1,2()   

  1. 1.华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200237
    2.高浓度难降解有机废水处理技术国家工程实验室,上海 200237
  • 出版日期:2020-12-05 发布日期:2020-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 杨强
  • 作者简介:卢浩(1990—),男,博士,研究方向为环保分离设备。E-mail:luhao@ecust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1906703)

Process intensification technologies for oil-water separation

Hao LU1(), Yiqian LIU1, Pinyi DAI1, Zhicheng PAN1, Yudong LI1, Shihan WU1, Qiang YANG1,2()   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
    2.National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Shanghai 200237, China
  • Online:2020-12-05 Published:2020-12-02
  • Contact: Qiang YANG

摘要:

油水混合物广泛存在于各类工业过程中,其体系性质、强化分离技术一直是化工分离领域研究的重要课题之一。以沉降、旋流、电聚结等常规物理分离技术配合化学药剂破乳的传统分离方法,存在分离效率低、二次污染等问题,近年来以多物理场耦合、新型分离材料等为代表的强化分离技术的发展受到广泛关注。本文以石油工业中大体量的油包水型原油乳状液和水包油型含油污水乳状液的分离为对象,阐述了油水混合物的形成、体系分类及其基本理化性质,通过分析微观界面膜指出打破乳状液的稳定性是强化分离的关键,并从常规分离技术、外场强化、分离材料、耦合强化等方面系统介绍了各类分离技术及其特点,最后对油水强化分离技术的研究和发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 油水混合物, 乳液, 多相流, 过程强化, 分离

Abstract:

Oil-water mixtures are widely present in various industrial processes. Its properties and enhanced separation technologies are one of the most important research topics in the field of chemical separation. The conventional physical separation technologies, such as sedimentation, cyclone, and electric coalescence, etc are used in combination with chemical agents for demulsification, which have several problems, such as low separation efficiency and secondary pollution. In recent, the development of enhanced separation technology represented by multi-physical field coupling and new separation materials has attracted wide attention. In this study, the separation of the large volume of water-in-oil (W/O) crude oil emulsion and oil-in-water (O/W) oily wastewater emulsion in the petroleum industry is investigated. The formation, classification, and basic physicochemical properties of oil-water mixtures are described. It pointed out that the breaking of emulsion stability is the key to enhance the separation based on the analysis of microscopic interfacial film. Various separation technologies and their characteristics are systematically introduced from the aspects of conventional separation technology, applied field, separation materials, and coupling, etc. Finally, the further research trends of enhanced oil-water separation technology are prospected.

Key words: oil-water mixture, emulsions, multiphase flow, process intensification, separation

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