笼型水合物膜分离和捕获二氧化碳研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1292

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开发一种低碳、高效的分离和捕获二氧化碳方法一直是缓解温室效应的关键技术。本文首先比较了现有的5种碳捕获技术，发现相较于化学吸收、深冷分离和变压吸附，水合物法和膜分离技术具有绿色环保、操作简单的优势。随后，本文以水合物法为切入点，阐述了其分离机理和强化手段。为进一步研究更加有效的新技术，通过利用水合物法的技术优势，结合膜分离的结构，提出一种更加具有发展潜力的水合物膜分离技术。然后，根据水合物膜的成膜方式将水合物膜技术分为第一、二、三代，并重点分析了每代水合物膜技术的改进手段。最后指出未来第三代水合物膜分离技术应从以下3个方面寻求突破与创新：探索合适膜载体材料；寻找合适的添加剂；优化温度、压力、流速水合分离条件。

关键词: 水合物膜, 分离, 捕获, 二氧化碳

Abstract:

The study of a low carbon and efficient carbon dioxide separation and capture technology has been the key to mitigate the greenhouse effect. Comparing the existing five carbon capture technologies, it can be found that the hydrate method and the membrane separation technology are more environmentally friendly and simpler to operate than chemical absorption, cryogenic separation and pressure swing adsorption. In order to further develop the more potential separation and capture carbon dioxide technology, in this paper, the separation mechanism and strengthening method of hydrate method are demonstrated taking the hydrate method as breakthrough point. By utilizing the technical advantages of the hydrate method and combining the structure of membrane separation, a more promising hydrate membrane separation technology is proposed. Then, according to the formation mode of the hydrate membrane, the hydrate membrane technology is divided into the first, second and third generations, and it is discussed in detail for the improvement of each generation of the hydrate membrane technology. Finally, it is pointed out that the third generation hydrate membrane separation technology should seek breakthroughs and innovations from the following three aspects: exploring suitable membrane carrier materials; finding suitable additives; and optimizing temperature, pressure and flow rate in hydration separation.

Key words: hydrate membrane, separation, capture, carbon dioxide

中图分类号:

樊栓狮,尤莎莉,郎雪梅,王燕鸿,李文涛,刘元直,周政. 笼型水合物膜分离和捕获二氧化碳研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(4): 1211-1218.

Shuanshi FAN,Shali YOU,Xuemei LANG,Yanhong WANG,Wentao LI,Yuanzhi LIU,Zheng ZHOU. Separation and capture carbon dioxide by clathrate-hydrate membranes: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(4): 1211-1218.

图/表 5

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性质	第一代水合物膜	第二代水合物膜	第三代水合物膜
成膜驱动力	低温、高压	低温、高压	低温
成膜环境	高压、气体分子参与成膜	高压、气体分子参与成膜	常压、溶液自身成膜
成膜位置	多孔介质孔隙	水凝胶表面	多孔介质孔隙或水凝胶表面
成膜时间	分离时原位成膜	分离时原位成膜	分离前成膜
是否需要载体	是	是	是
水合物膜稳定性	低	中	高
分离机理	水合物的特异性结合	水合物的特异性结合	笼型水合物的筛分效应

性质	第一代水合物膜	第二代水合物膜	第三代水合物膜
成膜驱动力	低温、高压	低温、高压	低温
成膜环境	高压、气体分子参与成膜	高压、气体分子参与成膜	常压、溶液自身成膜
成膜位置	多孔介质孔隙	水凝胶表面	多孔介质孔隙或水凝胶表面
成膜时间	分离时原位成膜	分离时原位成膜	分离前成膜
是否需要载体	是	是	是
水合物膜稳定性	低	中	高
分离机理	水合物的特异性结合	水合物的特异性结合	笼型水合物的筛分效应

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