污泥生物炭中氮硫行为及环境效应研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

污泥生物炭中氮硫元素含量高，其氮硫行为和环境效应对全球气候变化的影响不容忽视。以往的研究中，研究者往往以富碳生物炭作为主要研究对象，关注碳对全球气候变化的行为和功效，而对氮硫元素的作用关注不够。本文从原始污泥基本性质到其热解过程，再到生物炭的老化，逐步对污泥生物炭整个生命周期内氮硫的行为及其环境效应研究进行综述，并对未来应注重开展的研究方向进行展望，为生物炭中氮硫元素固定、释放及与之关联的环境效应和温室气体排放控制研究提供理论基础。分析表明，污泥中氮元素含量普遍高于硫元素，且热解过程中氮比硫更容易转移至气相产物。氮硫元素随热解温度的增加，在三相产物中的分配都是炭中持续减少，油中先增后减，气中一直增加。高温（＞800℃）条件下，气相中的氮含量高于固相，而硫元素则仍然主要存在于固相中。污泥生物炭老化及其环境效应研究表明，污泥生物炭氮硫元素与土壤的相互作用及其温室效应问题在今后的研究中应引起重视。

关键词: 氮, 硫, 污泥生物炭, 环境行为, 环境效应

Abstract:

The behavior and environmental effects of nitrogen and sulfur in sludge biochar on the global climate change is of significance due to their high contents in biochar. However, in previous studies, the behavior and environmental effects of carbon in the carbon-rich biochar was the main focus for the study of the effects on global climate change, resulting in insuffcient concern on nitrogen and sulfur in sludge biochar. In this paper, behavior and environmental effects of nitrogen and sulfur in the whole life cycle of sludge biochar was reviewed, from original sludge to pyrolysis process and aging of sludge biochar. In addition, the prospect of the future study directions were suggested. This review provides a theoretical basis for the fixation and release of nitrogen and sulfur elements in sludge biochar, as well as the related environmental effects and greenhouse gas emission control. Analysis showed that the content of nitrogen in sludge was generally higher than that of sulfur, and nitrogen was more easily transferred to gas products than sulfur in pyrolysis process. With the increase of temperature, the distribution of nitrogen and sulfur in the three-phase products follows the law: continuing to decrease in biochar, increasing first and then decrease in oil, and increasing all the time in gas. At the high temperature (＞800℃), nitrogen content in the gas was higher than that in biochar, while sulfur still existed mainly in biochar. The greenhouse effect of nitrogen and sulfur in sludge biochar and its interaction with soil should be paid more attention in the future research.

Key words: nitrogen, sulfur, sludge biochar, environmental behavior, environmental effects

中图分类号:

王彦,左宁,姜媛媛,陈芳媛. 污泥生物炭中氮硫行为及环境效应研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(4): 1539-1549.

Yan WANG,Ning ZUO,Yuanyuan JIANG,Fangyuan CHEN. Behavior and environmental effects of nitrogen and sulfur in sludge biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(4): 1539-1549.

图/表 3

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污泥来源	元素质量分数/%					污泥类型
污泥来源	N	C	H	S	O	污泥类型
石化工厂^[12]	5.20	41.00	5.60	3.30	—	石化污泥
高雄石化废水处理厂^[13]	4.75	39.00	5.70	1.18	24.40	石化污泥
北京清河污水处理厂^[14]	9.96	55.90	8.19	1.16	—	市政污泥
武汉某市政污水处理厂^[15]	4.78	25.93	4.21	1.03	22.02	市政污泥
昆明第四污水处理厂^[16]	4.76	33.70	3.85	0.86	27.71	市政污泥
重庆市唐家沱污水处理厂^[17]	3.52	20.66	3.61	0.84	24.14	市政污泥
广州市猎德污水处理厂^[18]	2.95	15.55	3.18	0.68	16.48	市政污泥
荆州市红光污水处理厂^[19]	2.37	12.99	2.54	<0.05	16.30	市政污泥
肇庆市某污水处理厂^[20]	1.57	12.15	2.74	0.48	14.49	市政污泥
广州市某市政污水处理厂^[21]	5.3	19.7	4.3	0.3	—	市政污泥
某盐酸四环素制药厂^[22]	6.00	34.00	10.00	0.06	—	制药污泥
某制药厂^[23]	3.98	19.05	3.64	2.79	19.85	制药污泥
胜利油田孤岛采油厂联合站^[24]	0.32	19.28	3.79	0.54	—	油田污泥
辽河油田采油污水处理厂^[25]	0.51	33.43	4.82	0.97	7.43	油田污泥
山东某造纸厂^[26]	0.25	25.31	2.49	0.13	28.88	脱墨污泥
河北某废纸制浆造纸厂^[27]	1.14	9.74	2.10	1.06	43.8	造纸污泥
某市印染集控区^[28]	0.92	16.49	3.02	4.07	—	印染污泥
某工厂污泥^[29]	1.81	16.97	2.90	0.06	11.27	化工污泥
安徽华谊化工^[30]	1.91	20.75	1.77	0.55	25.75	化工污泥
扬州某化工企业^[31]	3.67	19.96	3.41	0.71	28.21	化工污泥
某石化炼油厂含油污水处理站^[32]	0.74	42.25	5.45	1.87	6.46	化工污泥
桐君阁制药、铜梁造纸、重庆啤酒^[33]	2.23	26.16	2.37	5.63	22.11	1∶1∶1混合工业污泥
某钢铁厂^[34]	0.09	33.90	5.16	0.03	—	轧钢污泥
某铬鞣工艺牛皮革厂^[35]	3.36	22.23	2.66	16.10	—	制革污泥
江苏某无铬鞣工艺制革厂^[35]	2.33	25.19	3.10	11.90	—	制革污泥

污泥来源	元素质量分数/%					污泥类型
污泥来源	N	C	H	S	O	污泥类型
石化工厂^[12]	5.20	41.00	5.60	3.30	—	石化污泥
高雄石化废水处理厂^[13]	4.75	39.00	5.70	1.18	24.40	石化污泥
北京清河污水处理厂^[14]	9.96	55.90	8.19	1.16	—	市政污泥
武汉某市政污水处理厂^[15]	4.78	25.93	4.21	1.03	22.02	市政污泥
昆明第四污水处理厂^[16]	4.76	33.70	3.85	0.86	27.71	市政污泥
重庆市唐家沱污水处理厂^[17]	3.52	20.66	3.61	0.84	24.14	市政污泥
广州市猎德污水处理厂^[18]	2.95	15.55	3.18	0.68	16.48	市政污泥
荆州市红光污水处理厂^[19]	2.37	12.99	2.54	<0.05	16.30	市政污泥
肇庆市某污水处理厂^[20]	1.57	12.15	2.74	0.48	14.49	市政污泥
广州市某市政污水处理厂^[21]	5.3	19.7	4.3	0.3	—	市政污泥
某盐酸四环素制药厂^[22]	6.00	34.00	10.00	0.06	—	制药污泥
某制药厂^[23]	3.98	19.05	3.64	2.79	19.85	制药污泥
胜利油田孤岛采油厂联合站^[24]	0.32	19.28	3.79	0.54	—	油田污泥
辽河油田采油污水处理厂^[25]	0.51	33.43	4.82	0.97	7.43	油田污泥
山东某造纸厂^[26]	0.25	25.31	2.49	0.13	28.88	脱墨污泥
河北某废纸制浆造纸厂^[27]	1.14	9.74	2.10	1.06	43.8	造纸污泥
某市印染集控区^[28]	0.92	16.49	3.02	4.07	—	印染污泥
某工厂污泥^[29]	1.81	16.97	2.90	0.06	11.27	化工污泥
安徽华谊化工^[30]	1.91	20.75	1.77	0.55	25.75	化工污泥
扬州某化工企业^[31]	3.67	19.96	3.41	0.71	28.21	化工污泥
某石化炼油厂含油污水处理站^[32]	0.74	42.25	5.45	1.87	6.46	化工污泥
桐君阁制药、铜梁造纸、重庆啤酒^[33]	2.23	26.16	2.37	5.63	22.11	1∶1∶1混合工业污泥
某钢铁厂^[34]	0.09	33.90	5.16	0.03	—	轧钢污泥
某铬鞣工艺牛皮革厂^[35]	3.36	22.23	2.66	16.10	—	制革污泥
江苏某无铬鞣工艺制革厂^[35]	2.33	25.19	3.10	11.90	—	制革污泥

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