化工进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 1196-1208.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1035
• 化工园区 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2019-07-01
出版日期:
2020-03-05
发布日期:
2020-04-03
通讯作者:
方向晨
作者简介:
李凌波(1969—),男,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为石油石化环境监测及污染物组学。E-mail:Lingbo LI(),Long LI,Mengting CHENG,Xiangchen FANG()
Received:
2019-07-01
Online:
2020-03-05
Published:
2020-04-03
Contact:
Xiangchen FANG
摘要:
无组织排放占石化企业挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放的主导地位,排放点多、面广、量大、分散、无规则,总体表现为大型面源或体积源,监测难度很大。本文评述了点、线和面(通量)等VOCs无组织排放监测技术及应用进展,总结了石化企业VOCs无组织排放监测存在的主要问题与难点,提出了石化企业VOCs无组织排放监测体系及适用监测技术。总体上,石化企业VOCs无组织排放监控存在排放清单质量不高、源头监测及溯源困难、排放烟羽及其迁移扩散途径无定形、厂界等开放空间难以封闭监测、常规监测的时间和空间覆盖有限等问题或技术难点,可复合应用点、线、面及通量监测技术,结合常规离线、实时在线、排放通量、移动快速响应等监测设计,构建覆盖排放与环境影响的多元化、网络化、立体化监控体系。未来石化企业VOCs无组织排放监控将向多层级、智能化和大数据应用发展。
中图分类号:
李凌波,李龙,程梦婷,方向晨. 石化企业挥发性有机物无组织排放监测技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(3): 1196-1208.
Lingbo LI,Long LI,Mengting CHENG,Xiangchen FANG. Current status and future developments in monitoring of fugitive VOC emissions from petroleum refining and petrochemical industry[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(3): 1196-1208.
1 | 国务院.国发〔2013〕37号《国务院关于印发大气污染防治行动计划的通知》[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
The State Council.Guo Fa [2013]No.37Notice of the State Council on issuing the action plan of air pollution prevention and control[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. | |
2 | 环境保护部,发展改革委,财政部,交通运输部,质检总局,能源局.环大气[2017]121号关于印发《“十三五”挥发性有机物污染防治工作方案》的通知[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
Ministry of Environmental Protection,National Development and Reform Commission,Ministry of Finance,Ministry of Transportation,General Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection,Energy Bureau of the People’s Republic of China.Huan Da Qi [2017]No.121Notice on issuing working plan for the prevention and control of volatile organic pollutants in “13th Five-Year Plan”[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. | |
3 | 国务院.《大气污染防治行动计划》实施情况中期评估报告[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
The State Council.Mid-term evaluation report on the implementation of the action plan of air pollution prevention and control [EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. http: //. | |
4 | 国务院.国发[2018]22号《国务院关于印发打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划的通知》[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
The State Council.Guo Fa [2018]No.22Notice of the State Council on issuing three-year action plan for winning the blue sky defense war [EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. | |
5 | 武卫玲,薛文博,雷宇,等.基于OMI数据的京津冀及周边地区O3生成敏感性[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(4):1201-1208. |
WU W L,XUE W B,LEI Y,et al.Sensitivity analysis of ozone in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and its surrounding area using OMI sat satellite remote sensing data[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(4):1201-1208. | |
6 | 李凌波,刘忠生,方向晨,等.炼油厂VOC排放控制策略——设备与管阀件泄漏[J].当代石油石化,2013,21(9):1-9. |
LI L B,LIU Z S,FANG X C,et al.Strategies of refinery VOC emission control—Equipment leaks[J].Petroleum & Petrochemical Today,2013,21(9):1-9. | |
7 | 李凌波,刘忠生,方向晨.炼油厂VOC排放控制策略——储运、废水处理、工艺尾气、冷却塔及火炬[J].当代石油石化,2013,21(10):4-12. |
LI L B,LIU Z,FANG X C S.The strategies for refinery VOC emission control—Storage tanks and transfer operations, wastewater treatment, process vents, cooling towers and flares[J].Petroleum & Petrochemical Today,2013,21(10):4-12. | |
8 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Clean air act standards and guidelines for petroleum refineries and distribution industry [EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. https: //. |
9 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.AP 42 fifth edition volume 1 chapter 5: petroleum industry[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. https: // |
10 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Title 40 Chapter I Part 63 subpart CC-national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants from petroleum refineries §63. 658 fenceline monitoring provisions[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. https: //. |
11 | PAWLOSKI J N,IVERSON D G.Use optical remote sensing techniques to monitor facility releases[C]//Hydrocarbon Processing,1998:125-130. |
12 | Bay Area Air Quality Management District.Regulation 12 miscellaneous standards of performance rule 15 petroleum refining emissions tracking[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. https: //. |
13 | South Coast Air Quality Management District.Rule 1180refinery fenceline and community air monitoring [EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
14 | BARTHE P,CHAUGNY M,ROUDIER S,et al.Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for the refining of mineral oil and gas[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
15 | SMITH T,INNOCENTI F,ROBINSON R A.1st Interim report on CEN/TC264/WG38stationary source emissions-standard method to determine fugitive and diffuse emissions of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
16 | 环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.石油炼制工业污染物排放标准: GB 31570—2015[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2015. |
Ministry of Environmental Protection and General Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection of the People’s Republic of China.Emission standard of pollutants for petroleum refining industry: GB 31570—2015[S],Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2015. | |
17 | 环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.石油化学工业污染物排放标准: GB 31571—2015[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2015. |
Ministry of Environmental Protection and General Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection of the People’s Republic of China.Emission standard of pollutants for petroleum chemistry industry: GB 31571—2015[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2015. | |
18 | 北京市环境保护局,北京市质量技术监督局.炼油与石油化学工业大气污染物排放标准: DB 11/447—2015[S]. |
Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau,Beijing Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau.Emission standard of air pollutants for petroleum refining and petrochemicals manufacturing industry: DB 11/447—2015[S]. | |
19 | 环境保护部办公厅.环办监测函[2018]123号《关于加强固定污染源废气挥发性有机物监测工作的通知》[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. http: //. |
Office of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.Huan Ban Monitoring Letter [2018]No.123 Notice on strengthening monitoring of volatile organic compounds from fixed pollution sources[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. http: //. | |
20 | 生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局.挥发性有机物无组织排放控制标准: GB 37822—2019[S].北京:中国环境出版集团,2019. |
Ministry of Ecology and Environment and State Administration for Market Regulation of the People’s Republic of China.Standard for fugitive emission of volatile organic compounds: GB 37822—2019[S].Beijing:China Environment Publishing Group,2019. | |
21 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air,second edition (EPA/625/R-96/010b):compendium method TO-15determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air collected in specially-prepared canisters and analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS)[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
22 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air,second edition (EPA/625/R-96/010b): compendium method TO-17 determination of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using active sampling onto sorbent tubes[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. http: //. |
23 | THOMA E D,MILLER M C,CHUNG K C,et al.Facility fence-line monitoring using passive samplers[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,2011,61(8):834-842. |
24 | BADJAGBO K,SAUVÉ S.Real-time continuous monitoring methods for airborne VOCs[J].TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2007,26(9):931-940. |
25 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Method 325A-Volatile organic compounds from fugitive and area sources:sampler deployment and VOC sample collection[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
26 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Method 325B—Volatile organic compounds from fugitive and area sources: sampler preparation and analysis [EB/OL]. [2019-06-06]. https: //. |
27 | OLAGUER E P,STUTZ J,ERICKSON M H,et al.Real time measurement of transient event emissions of air toxics by tomographic remote sensing in tandem with mobile monitoring[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,150:220-228. |
28 | THOMA E D,SQUIER B C,OLSON D,et al.Assessment of methane and VOC emissions from select upstream oil and gas production operations using remote measurements,interim report on recent survey studies[C]//Proceedings of 105th Annual Conference of the Air & Waste Management Association,San Antonio, Texas,2012. |
29 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Other Test Method33A: Geospatial measurement of air pollution,remote emissions quantification-direct assessment (GMAP-REQ-DA)[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
30 | BUCKLEY P I.Demonstration of extractive cryocooled inert preconcentration with FTIR spectroscopy instrumentation and methodology for autonomous measurements of atmospheric organics[D].Alabama:The University of Alabama in Huntsville,2011 |
31 | JOHANSSON J,MELLQVIST J,SAMUELSSON J,et al.,Quantification of industrial emissions of VOCs,NO2 andSO2 by SOF and Mobile DOAS during DISCOVER-AQ AQRP project13-0051Final report)[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
32 | SNYDER E G,WATKINS T H,SOLOMON P A,et al.The changing paradigm of air pollution monitoring[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2013,47(20):11369-11377. |
33 | NAZEMI M.Air sensors & advanced monitoring technologies[C]//NACAA Communicating Air Quality Conference,Chicago,2016. |
34 | MARSHALL T L,CHAFFIN C T,HAMMAKER R M,et al.An introduction to open-path FT-IR atmospheric monitoring[J].Environmental Science & Technology,1994,28(5):224A-232A. |
35 | NEWMAN A R.Product Review: Open-path FT-IR takes the long view[J].Analytical Chemistry,1997,69(1):43A-47A. |
36 | GRIFFITHS P R,SHAO L,LEYTEM A B.Completely automated open-path FT-IR spectrometry[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2009,393:45-50. |
37 | PLATT U,STUTZ J.Differential optical absorption spectroscopy-principles and applications [M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2008. |
38 | ENVIRON International Corporation.Literature assessment of remote sensing technologies for detecting and estimating emissions for flares and fugitives[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
39 | 高闽光,刘文清,张天舒,等.傅里叶变换红外光谱法被动遥测大气中VOC[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(7):1042-1044. |
GAO M G,LIU W Q,ZHANG T S,et al.Passive remote sensing of VOC in atmosphere by FTIR spectrometry[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2005,25(7):1042-1044. | |
40 | IMACC.Continuous fence-line monitoring[C]//the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard. Second international workshop on remote sensing of emissions:new technologies and recent work. North Carolina,2008. |
41 | PAINE R J,ZWICKER J O,FELDMEN H J.Can optical remote sensing techniques detect air contaminants?[J].Hydrocarbon Processing,1998,77(1):125-130. |
42 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air,second edition (EPA/625/R-96/010b):compendium method to-16long-path open-path fourier transform infrared monitoring of atmospheric gases[EB/OL]. [2019-06-06].. |
43 | The European Committee for Standardization (CEN).Ambient air quality-Atmospheric measurements near ground with FTIR spectroscopy: EN 15483: 2009 [S]. |
44 | The European Committee for Standardization (CEN).Air quality-Atmospheric measurements near ground with active Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS)-Ambient air and diffuse emission measurements: EN 16253: 2013 [S]. |
45 | BRINKMANN T,BOTH R,SCALET B M,et al.JRC reference report on monitoring of emissions to air and water from IED installations[EB/OL]. [2019-06-08].. |
46 | PAWLOSKI J N,GIBBON R E,IVERSON D G,et al.Total emissions monitoring using a multi-beam integrated real-time remote sensing system[C]//American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM).1998 NPRA annual meeting.San Francisco,1998:AM-98-26. |
47 | Fenceline-monitoring system solves big problem[J].Oil & Gas Journal,1999,97(21):61-63. |
48 | MINNICH T R.ORS-based,real-time perimeter air monitoring during MGP site cleanups: benefits and case studies[C]// the International Society of Technical & Environmetnal Professionals (INSTEP).The Third International Symposium and Exhibition on the Redevelopment of Manufactured Gas Plant Sites.Connecticut,2008. |
49 | LAUSH C T.An overview of viable fenceline monitoring techniques pertaining to the refinery rule [EB/OL]. [2019-06-08]. https: //. |
50 | 童晶晶,高闽光,刘志明,等.长光程开放光路FTIR监测城市空气中C2H4浓度[J].红外技术,2010,32(8):491-494. |
TONG J J,GAO M G,LIU Z M,et al.Monitoring the concentration variety of atmospheric C2H4 in urban area using open path FTIR system[J].Infrared Technology,2010,32(8):491-494. | |
51 | 徐亮,高闽光,刘建国,等.北京奥运期间石化工业区多组分污染气体的开放光程FTIR监测[J].大气与环境光学学报,2009,4(5):376-381. |
XU L,GAO M G,LIU J G,et al.Multi-gas monitoring by open path FTIR in Yanshan Petro-Chemical area during Beijing Olympic Games[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2009,4(5):376-381. | |
52 | 徐亮,刘建国,高闽光,等.开放式长光程傅里叶变换红外光谱系统在环境气体分析中的应用[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2007,27(3):448-451. |
XU L,LIU J G,GAO M G,et al.Application of long open path FTIR system in ambient air monitoring[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2007,27(3):448-451. | |
53 | 谢品华,付强,刘建国,等.差分吸收光谱方法反演大气环境单环芳香烃有机物[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(9):1584-1588 |
XIE P H,FU Q,LIU J G,et al.Retrieval of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with differential optical absorption spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2006,26(9):1584-1588. | |
54 | 王焯如,周斌,王珊珊,等.应用多光路主动差分光学吸收光谱仪观测大气污染物的空间分布[J].物理学报,2011,60(6):060703. |
WANG Z R,ZHOU B,WANG S S,et al.Observation on the spatial distribution of air pollutants by active multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2011,60(6):060703. | |
55 | HASHMONAY R A,VARMA1R M,MODRAK M T,et al.Chapter2 Radial plume mapping: a US EPA test method for area and fugitive source emission monitoring using optical remote sensing[M].Advanced Environmental Monitoring. Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2008:21-36. |
56 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Air Quality Assessment Division Measurement Technology Group.EPA handbook: optical and remote sensing for measurement and monitoring of emissions flux of gases and particulate matter[EB/OL]. [2019-06-08]. https: //. |
57 | RAMSEY S,KEANE J.Opportunities and Limitations in the Use of Optical Remote Sensing Technologies[C]// American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM).NPRA Environmental Conference.Denver,2009:ENV-09-11. |
58 | JOHANSSON J K E,JOHAN MELLQVIST,SAMUELSSON J,et al.Emission measurements of alkenes, alkanes, SO2, and NO2 from stationary sources in Southeast Texas over a 5 year period using SOF and mobile DOAS[J].Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,2014,119:1973-1991. |
59 | Marathon Petroleum Company,Clean Air Engineering Inc.Performance test of a steam-assisted elevated flare with passive FTIR. [EB/OL]. [2019-06-08].. |
60 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Emissions Measurement Center.Other Test Method 10 (OTM 10) - Optical remote sensing for emission characterization from non-point sources [EB/OL]. [2019-06-08]. https: //. |
61 | MUÑOZ R A,GARDNER R B,HASHMONAY R A,et al.Case Study: Long-term remote sensing of VOC emissions from a delayed coker[C]// American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM).NPRA Environmental Conference.Denver,2012:ENV-12-58. |
62 | WU C,WU T,HASHMONAY R A.Measurement of fugitive volatile organic compound emissions from a petrochemical tank farm using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,82:335-342. |
63 | ROBINSON R,INNOCENTI F.Results from the development and validation of a new European Standard for measuring fugitive emissions[C]// International Labmate Ltd.CEM 2018-International Conference and Exhibition on Emissions Monitoring.Budapest,2018. |
64 | STEARNS S.Airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) detection and measurement of fugitive emissions[EB/OL]. [2019-08-28].. |
65 | HEATH III M W.Leak detection practices & demonstration of optical imaging[EB/OL]. [2019-08-28]. https: //. |
66 | JOHNSON W.Airborne leak detection comparing technologies[EB/OL]. [2019-06-08].. |
67 | KOLB C E,HERNDON S C,BARRY J,et al.Mobile laboratory with rapid response instruments for real-time measurements of urban and regional trace gas and particulate distributions and emission source characteristics[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2004,38 (21):5694-5703. |
68 | RHUBOTTOM J,QIN Y,CHEN P.The city of Houston mobile ambient air monitoring laboratory: our experiences with local scale air monitoring[C]// the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA).2009 National Ambient Air Monitoring Conference.Nashville,2009. |
69 | BUZCU-GUVEN B,OLAGUER E P,HERNDON S C,et al.Identification of the source of benzene concentrations at Texas City during SHARP using an adjoint neighborhood-scale transport model and a receptor model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,2013,118:8023-8031. |
70 | Real-time Richmond community air monitoring program[EB/OL]. [2019-06-08]. http: //. |
71 | Bay Area Air Quality Management District.Air monitoring guidelines for petroleum refineries air district regulation 12 rule15:petroleum refining emissions tracking[EB/OL]. [2019-06-08].. |
72 | SPINELLE L,GERBOLES M,KOK G,et al.Review of portable and low-cost sensors for the ambient air monitoring of benzene and other volatile organic compounds[J].Sensor,2017,17:1520. |
73 | U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.DRAFT roadmap for next generation air monitoring (2013-03-08[R/OL]. [2019-06-08].. |
74 | WATKINS T.Next generation air monitoring: an overview of US EPA activities (2010-04-02)[R/OL]. [2019-06-08].. |
75 | POLIDORI A.Air quality sensor performance evaluation center (AQ-SPEC): results from three years of field and laboratory testing[C]//the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA).2018 National Air Quality Conference.Austin,2018. |
[1] | 王莹, 韩云平, 李琳, 李衍博, 李慧丽, 颜昌仁, 李彩侠. 城市污水厂病毒气溶胶逸散特征研究现状与未来展望[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 439-446. |
[2] | 李宁, 李金科, 董金善. 乙烯裂解炉多孔介质燃烧器的研究与开发[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 73-83. |
[3] | 葛全倩, 徐迈, 梁铣, 王凤武. MOFs材料在光电催化领域应用的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4692-4705. |
[4] | 邵志国, 任雯, 许世佩, 聂凡, 许毓, 刘龙杰, 谢水祥, 李兴春, 王庆吉, 谢加才. 终温对油基钻屑热解产物分布和特性影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4929-4938. |
[5] | 徐杰, 夏隆博, 罗平, 邹栋, 仲兆祥. 面向膜蒸馏过程的全疏膜制备及其应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 3943-3955. |
[6] | 高聪, 陈城虎, 陈修来, 刘立明. 代谢工程改造微生物合成生物基单体的进展与挑战[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4123-4135. |
[7] | 杨静, 李博, 李文军, 刘晓娜, 汤刘元, 刘月, 钱天伟. 焦化污染场地中萘降解菌的分离及降解特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4351-4361. |
[8] | 赵健, 卓泽文, 董航, 高文健. 含蜡原油及其乳状液体系微观结构观测的新方法[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4372-4384. |
[9] | 姜晶, 陈霄宇, 张瑞妍, 盛光遥. 载锰生物炭制备及其在环境修复中应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4385-4397. |
[10] | 吴展华, 盛敏. 绝热加速量热仪在反应安全风险评估应用中的常见问题[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3374-3382. |
[11] | 徐伟, 李凯军, 宋林烨, 张兴惠, 姚舜华. 光催化及其协同电化学降解VOCs的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3520-3531. |
[12] | 张宁, 吴海滨, 李钰, 李剑锋, 程芳琴. 漂浮型光催化材料的制备及其在水处理领域的应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2475-2485. |
[13] | 刘宇龙, 姚俊虎, 舒闯闯, 佘跃惠. 磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒的生物合成及其在提高采收率中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2464-2474. |
[14] | 孟晓山, 汤子健, 陈琳, 呼和涛力, 周政忠. 厌氧消化系统酸化预警及调控技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1595-1605. |
[15] | 苏景振, 詹健. 生物炭对水环境中微塑料的去除研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5445-5458. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
京ICP备12046843号-2;京公网安备 11010102001994号 版权所有 © 《化工进展》编辑部 地址:北京市东城区青年湖南街13号 邮编:100011 电子信箱:hgjz@cip.com.cn 本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发 技术支持:support@magtech.com.cn |