基于单螺杆膨胀机有机朗肯循环有无回热系统性能分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2155

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有机朗肯循环（ORC）是实现中低温热源发电利用的有效技术，膨胀机是系统热功转换核心部件，其性能表现直接制约系统整体性能。本文设计搭建单螺杆膨胀机回热式有机朗肯循环发电系统，R245fa为系统工质，实验分析恒定冷热源参数下回热式和无回热两类系统和膨胀机主要性能参数的变化规律。实验结果表明：两类系统效率随着膨胀机转矩和转速的增加而增大，膨胀机转矩和转速相同时回热式系统效率较大，当膨胀机转速为1300r/min，回热式系统最大效率为7.20%，比无回热系统效率增加了11.9%；由于回热器利用膨胀机乏汽预热蒸发器入口的有机工质，因此回热式系统相对于无回热式系统的膨胀机入口过热度、等熵效率增加，膨胀比和蒸发器的换热量减小，工质在回热器中的压降是回热式系统膨胀比变小的主要因素。随着膨胀机转矩和转速增加，两类系统蒸发器吸热量和膨胀比增大，膨胀机等熵效率和入口过热度减小。

关键词: 有机朗肯循环, 单螺杆膨胀机, 回热器, 变工况, 工质, 系统性能

Abstract:

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is an effective way to generate electricity with medium and low temperature heat sources. ORC system with a regenerator was designed and constructed with R245fa as the working fluid in this study. The efficiencies of the two systems and the expander performance were studied under constant cold and heat source. The results showed that the efficiencies of the two systems were higher with increasing expander torque and speed. The regenerative system had a higher efficiency. When the speed of the expander was 1300r/min, the maximum efficiency of the regenerative system was 7.20%, being 11.9% higher than the non-regenerative system. Because heat transfer of exhaust steam from evaporator and high pressure organic working fluid at the entrance of evaporator occurred in regenerator, the isentropic efficiency and superheat of inlet of expansion of regenerative system were higher than the non-regenerative system, but the expansion ratio and heat absorption of evaporator were reduced. With increasing expander torque and speed, the heat absorption and expansion ratio of the two systems were higher, but the isentropic efficiency and inlet superheating of the expander showed opposite tendency.

Key words: organic Rankine cycle, single-screw expander, regenerator, various operating conditions, working fluid, system performance

中图分类号:

TK11⁺5

刘广林, 曹泷, 刘欢, 苗政, 徐进良. 基于单螺杆膨胀机有机朗肯循环有无回热系统性能分析[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(06): 2626-2632.

Guanglin LIU, Shuang CAO, Huan LIU, Zheng MIAO, Jinliang XU. Performance analysis of regenerative and non-regenerative organic Rankine cycle using single-screw expander[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(06): 2626-2632.

图/表 10

图1 回热式系统实验平台

图2 回热式发电系统原理图

表1 数据采集仪器参数

设备名称	型号	精度
转速转矩仪	JN338 AE200	±0.5%
电机变频器	三菱FR-A840
K型热电偶	KMQXL-040G-6	±0.5℃
压力传感器	CYT-103	0.2%
工质质量流量计	DMF-1	0.2%
导热油流量计	YD-LWGY-50	0.2%
三相电力仪表	AKW91110	0.2%

图3 系统效率随膨胀机转矩的变化

图4 蒸发器换热量随膨胀机转矩的变化

图5 工质质量流量随膨胀机转矩的变化

图6 膨胀比随膨胀机转矩的变化

图7 膨胀机入口过热度随膨胀机转矩的变化

图8 膨胀机等熵效率随膨胀机转矩的变化

图9 有无回热循环热力学性能分析

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