多孔炭材料设计合成及电化学储能应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔炭材料具有导电性好、结构稳定、资源丰富、价格低廉的天然优势，既可直接作为电极材料，构建炭基电化学储能器件，又可与非炭电活性材料复合，起到传输电子、缓冲体积膨胀及调节界面反应的作用，在电化学储能器件中一直发挥着不可或缺的作用。结合本文作者课题组的研究工作，本文总结了多孔炭制备及孔结构和形貌的调控方法，分析了各方法的优缺点；并以超级电容器、锂离子/钠离子电池和锂硫电池为代表，阐述了多孔炭材料在电化学储能领域的作用及应用研究现状，讨论了电化学储能器件对多孔炭材料的结构与性能要求，指出了多孔炭在电化学储能应用中存在的局限性，并对多孔炭在这些储能领域的研究和发展趋势做出展望。

关键词: 多孔炭, 孔结构, 形貌, 电极材料, 电化学储能

Abstract:

Porous carbon materials have attracted great attention due to their advantages of adjustable pore structure, superior chemical stability and outstanding electron accessibility, which have been made a great research progress in the field of energy storage. Here, combined with the research work of our group, we summarize the synthetic method and method principles of the pore structure design. The research progress of porous carbon with different morphology, such as carbon nanospheres, carbon nanofibers, carbon sheets, monolithic carbon is briefly introduced. Moreover, this article summarizes the application of porous carbon materials in the field of electrochemical energy storage (supercapacitors, lithium ion/sodium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, etc.) and point out the disadvantages of porous carbon materials for energy storage. Finally, we propose some important aspects for the future development of porous carbon applied for energy storage.

Key words: porous carbon, pore structure, morphology, electrode materials, electrochemical energy storage

中图分类号:

张向倩, 何斌, 董晓玲, 叶成玉, 陆安慧. 多孔炭材料设计合成及电化学储能应用[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 404-420.

Xiangqian ZHANG, Bin HE, Xiaoling DONG, Chengyu YE, Anhui LU. Design and synthesis of porous carbon materials for energy storage[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 404-420.

图/表 8

图1 模板法制备多孔炭的示意图

图2 分子动态造孔法过程示意图

图3 具有多腔的纳米炭球制备示意图

图4 温控相转变方法制备二维纳米炭片的过程示意图

图5 炭材料孔径与电解液离子匹配程度对电荷储存能力的影响

图6 杂原子贡献电容示意图及DFT计算氮掺杂对石墨烯电子能带结构和电子能态密度的影响

图7 硬炭材料储钠机理示意图

图8 具有果核型炭球表征及其锂硫电池性能

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