湿法烟气脱硫技术及运行经济性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.12.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着我国经济快速发展,煤炭、石油等化石燃料消耗持续增长,雾霾天气频繁出现,酸雨区域面积不断扩大。针对二氧化硫排放对环境生态的压力徒增的现状,本文简要介绍了干法、半干法和湿法烟气脱硫技术工艺及其优缺点,讨论了石灰石-石膏法、钠碱法、氨法、镁法、有机胺法、海水法、磷矿浆法等湿法烟气脱硫技术的优缺点,重点阐述了新型磷矿浆脱硫法及其脱硫机理,比较了不同湿法脱硫技术的特点和应用范围,进行了磷矿浆与钠法、石灰石-石膏法与镁法湿法烟气脱硫技术经济性分析。分析表明,磷矿浆湿法烟气脱硫运行成本最低,其回收的二氧化硫催化氧化为硫酸后进入磷化工产业链,替代了部分硫酸原料,无副产物,没有二次污染,适用于具有磷矿生产的企业和园区。该技术原理可以推广到湿法冶金企业。

关键词: 烟气脱硫, 磷矿浆, 二氧化硫, 技术经济

Abstract: With the rapid development of Chinese economy,the fossil fuel consumption,such as coal,petroleum,etc.,is increasing continually so that the haze appears frequently and the areas of acid rain continue to expand. A large amount of sulfur dioxide emissions have led to the current situation that the pressure on the environment has intensified. This paper briefly introduces the technologies of dry,semi dry and wet flue gas desulfurization and their advantages and disadvantages. Advantages and disadvantages of different wet flue gas desulfurization methods,such as limestone-gypsum method,sodium alkali method,ammonia method,magnesium method,organic amine method,sea water method,phosphate rock slurry method were discussed. The main aim of this paper is to elaborate the new phosphate rock slurry method and its desulfurization mechanism as well as comparing the characteristics and application range of different wet desulphurization technologies. Through economic analysis of phosphate rock slurry and sodium alkali method,limestone-gypsum and magnesium method wet flue gas desulfurization technology,the running cost of phosphate rock slurry wet flue gas desulfurization technology is the lowest among those technologies. The recovery of sulfur dioxide becomes sulfuric acid by catalytic oxidation,getting into phosphorus chemical industry chain and replacing some of the sulfuric acid. The method has no by-products and no secondary pollution and is suitable for enterprises and parks with phosphate rock production. The principle of phosphate rock slurry wet flue gas desulfurization technology can be extended to the wet metallurgical enterprises.

Key words: flue gas desulfurization, phosphate rock slurry, sulfur dioxide, technical economy

中图分类号:

X701.3

武春锦, 吕武华, 梅毅, 俞宝根. 湿法烟气脱硫技术及运行经济性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(12): 4368-4374.

WU Chunjin, LÜ Wuhua, MEI Yi, YU Baogen. Application and running economic analysis of wet flue gas desulfurization technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2015, 34(12): 4368-4374.

参考文献

[1] 杨军,赵超. 工业化进程:煤炭利用与经济发展[J]. 经济问题,2015(5):69-72.
[2] Pui D Y,Chen S C,Zuo Z L. PM_2.5 in China:Measurements,sources,visibility and health effects,and mitigation[J]. Particuology, 2014,13:1-26.
[3] 周丽,徐祥德,丁国安,等. 北京地区气溶胶PM_2.5粒子浓度的相关因子及其估算模型[J]. 气象学报,2003,61(6):761-771.
[4] 魏欣. 天津市灰霾与非灰霾天气下大气颗粒物污染特征的差异[D]. 天津:南开大学,2013.
[5] 吴蒙,吴兑,范绍佳,等. 珠江三角洲城市群大气污染与边界层特征研究进展[J]. 气象科技进展,2014,4(1):22-27.
[6] 魏玉香,杨卫芬,银燕,等. 霾天气南京市大气中PM_2.5水溶性离子污染特征[J]. 环境科学与技术,2009,32(11):66-71.
[7] 解淑艳,王瑞斌,郑皓皓. 2005—2011年全国酸雨状况分析[J]. 环境监控与预警,2012,4(5):33-37.
[8] 张新民,柴发合,王淑兰,等. 中国酸雨研究现状[J]. 环境科学研究,2010,23(5):527-532.
[9] 韩振宇,戴文楠,宋鹭,等. 中国2030年SO₂排放量预测与对策研究[J]. 环境影响评价,2014(3):30-34.
[10] Maina P,Mbarawa M. Blending lime and iron waste to improve sorbents reactivity towards desulfurization[J]. Fuel, 2012,102:162-172.
[11] Altun N E. Assessment of marble waste utilization as an alternative sorbent to limestone for SO₂ control[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2014,128:461-470.
[12] 吕玲. 湿法脱硫废水的处理与调试[J]. 广州化工,2014,42(20):162-164.
[13] Liu Y X,Wang Q,Yin Y S,et al. Advanced oxidation removal of NO and SO₂ from flue gas by using ultraviolet/H₂O₂/NaOH process[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2014,92:1907-1914.
[14] 张明慧,马强,徐超群,等. 臭氧氧化结合湿法喷淋对玻璃窑炉烟气同时脱硫脱硝实验研究[J]. 燃料化学学报,2015,43(1):88-93.
[15] Gao X,Ding H L,Du Z,et al. Gas-liquid absorption reaction between (NH₄)₂SO₃ solution and SO₂ for ammonia-based wet flue gas desulfurization[J]. Applied Energy,2010,8:2647-2651.
[16] Ding J,Zhong Q,Zhang S,et al. Simultaneous removal of NO_x and SO₂ from coal-fired flue gas by catalytic oxidation-removal process with H₂O₂[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,243:176-182.
[17] Guo R T,Pan W G,Zhang X B,et al. Dissolution rate of magnesium hydrate for wet flue gas desulfurization[J]. Fuel,2011,90:7-10.
[18] Shen Z G,Chen X,Tong M,et al. Studies on magnesium-based wet flue fas desulphurization Process with oxidation inhibition of the byproduct[J]. Fuel,2013,105:578-584.
[19] del Zermeño R,Niu M,Formosa J,et al. Synergistic effect of the parameters affecting wet flue gas desulfurization using magnesium oxides by-products[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,262:268-277.
[20] Shen Z G,Ni M J,Guo S P,et al. Studies on magnesium-based wet flue gas desulphurization process with a spray scrubber[J]. Asian Journal of Chemistry,2013,25(12):6727-6732.
[21] Tailor R,Abboud M,Sayari A. Supported polytertiary amines:Highly efficient and selective SO₂ adsorbents[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014,48:2025-2034.
[22] Sung Y H,Kim H H,Kim Y J,et al. Nitrile-functionalized tertiary amines as highly efficient and reversible SO₂ absorbents[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,264:136-143.
[23] Mehrara H,Roozbehani B,Shishehsaz M R,et al. Using Taguchi method to determine optimum process conditions for flue gas desulfurization through an amine scrubber[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2014,16:59-67.
[24] 张军. 海水烟气脱硫技术及其在火电厂的工程应用[D]. 成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[25] 兰天. 海水法燃煤烟气脱硫中S(Ⅳ)的氧化规律与吸收-催化氧化一体化技术研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[26] 刘代俊,张允湘,钟本和. 中低品位磷矿湿法过程中杂质的分离与回收[C]//国际精细磷化工技术交流大会,2010.
[27] 宁平,马林转,杨月红,等. 磷矿浆催化氧化脱除低浓度二氧化硫的方法:中国,200610011003.0[P]. 2015-01-07.
[28] 梅毅,武春锦,李慧,等. 一种脱除尾气中SO₂的方法:中国,201410496692.3[P]. 2015-01-07.
[29] 樊崇生,张晖,何宾宾,等. 二氧化硫尾气催化氧化用于磷矿选矿pH值调整剂的方法:中国,201410094341.X[P]. 2014-07-30.
[30] 刘卉卉. 低浓度SO₂磷矿浆液相催化氧化净化研究[D]. 昆明:昆明理工大学,2005.
[31] Brandt C,Fabian I,Eldik R V. Kinetics and mechanism of iron(Ⅲ)-catalyzed autoxidation of sulfur(Ⅳ) in aqueous solution evidence for the redox cycling of iron in the presence of oxygen and modeling of the overall reaction mechanism[J]. Inorganic Chemistry,1994,33(4):687-701.