城市污泥流化床中低温空气气化及重金属迁移特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1231

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用自行搭建的流化床热态实验装置，系统研究了污泥的中低温气化及重金属迁移特性。研究表明，对冷煤气效率和碳转化率影响最大的是气化温度，其次是空气当量比，而一二次风配比和流化数影响较弱。污泥中低温气化的焦油产率较之高温气化明显增加。随着二次风占比和空气当量比的提高，焦油产率单调下降。气化温度由600℃升至850℃，冷煤气效率和碳转化率均呈升高趋势；空气当量比由0.2升至0.4，冷煤气效率呈先升高后下降的趋势，在0.3时达到最大值，而碳转化率则呈单调升高趋势。随着气化温度的升高，污泥中重金属转移至产气、焦油及飞灰的迁移率升高。随着空气当量比的升高，Ni、Cu的迁移率降低，Cr升高，Cd、Zn、As和Pb等其他重金属的迁移率几乎不变。

关键词: 城市污泥, 流化床, 中低温气化, 重金属

Abstract:

The sewage sludge air gasification experiment was carried out by a self-built fluidized bed thermal experimental device, and the characteristics of medium-low temperature gasification and heavy metal migration were studied systematically. Among the main parameters affecting the sludge gasification characteristics in fluidized bed, the most important factor affecting the cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion rate is temperature, the second one is air equivalent ratio. The effects of air ratio and fluidization number on the gasification characteristics are weaker. Compared with higher temperature gasification, the output of tar in medium-low temperature gasification increased significantly. With the increase of secondary air and air ratio, the tar yield of medium-low temperature decreased monotonously. With the gasification temperature rises from 600℃ to 850℃, the cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion rate are all increasing. In the process of the air equivalent ratio rising from 0.2 to 0.4, the cold gas efficiency increases firstly and then decreases, and reaches the maximum at 0.3, while the carbon conversion rate increases monotonously. In the rising process of gasification temperature, the mobility in fly ash, gas and tar increased monotonously. With the increase of equivalent ratio, the mobility of Ni and Cu decreased, while Cr increases, and Cd, Zn, As and Pb almost did not change.

Key words: sewage sludge, fluidized bed, medium-low temperature gasification, heavy metals

中图分类号:

TK123

张伟, 陈晓平, 王清, 杨叙军, 宋联, 朱葛, 马吉亮, 刘道银, 梁财. 城市污泥流化床中低温空气气化及重金属迁移特性[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(04): 2011-2021.

Wei ZHANG, Xiaoping CHEN, Qing WANG, Xujun YANG, Lian SONG, Ge ZHU, Jiliang MA, Daoyin LIU, Cai LIANG. Characteristics of sewage sludge medium-low temperature gasification and heavy metal migration in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(04): 2011-2021.

图/表 18

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编号	温度	当量比	一二次风配比	流化数	一次风 /m³·h^-1	二次风 /m³·h^-1	加料量/kg·h^-1	冷煤气效率(X)	碳转化率(Y)
1	1(600℃)	1(0.20)	1(9∶1)	1(2.0)	1.77	0.20	3.09	12.1	31.5
2	1	2(0.25)	2(8∶2)	2(2.5)	2.21	0.55	3.48	21.2	46.0
3	1	3(0.30)	3(7∶3)	3(3.0)	2.65	1.14	3.98	22.5	51.0
4	1	4(0.35)	4(6∶4)	4(3.5)	3.09	2.06	4.64	20.2	47.0
5	1	5(0.40)	5(5∶5)	5(4.0)	3.53	3.53	5.57	17.6	49.6
6	2(650℃)	1	2	3	2.30	0.57	4.53	23.4	35.0
7	2	2	3	4	2.68	1.15	4.83	28.6	47.5
8	2	3	4	5	3.06	2.04	5.36	29.9	48.0
9	2	4	5	1	1.53	1.53	2.76	27.9	49.0
10	2	5	1	2	1.92	0.21	1.68	17.5	52.5
11	3(700℃)	1	3	5	2.68	1.15	6.04	31.9	49.0
12	3	2	4	1	1.34	0.89	2.82	32.8	48.5
13	3	3	5	2	1.68	1.68	3.52	38.3	53.0
14	3	4	1	3	2.01	0.22	2.01	31.2	57.5
15	3	5	2	4	2.35	0.59	2.31	24.5	63.5
16	4(750℃)	1	4	2	1.48	0.99	3.89	39.1	53.5
17	4	2	5	3	1.78	1.78	4.48	40.9	56.5
18	4	3	1	4	2.07	0.23	2.42	50.1	55.5
19	4	4	2	5	2.37	0.59	2.67	33.8	64.5
20	4	5	3	1	1.19	0.51	1.33	18.8	68.5
21	5(850℃)	1	5	4	1.76	1.76	5.55	52.5	73.2
22	5	2	1	5	2.02	0.22	2.82	55.5	77.5
23	5	3	2	1	1.01	0.25	1.32	60.5	78.7
24	5	4	3	2	1.26	0.54	1.62	38.1	82.9
25	5	5	4	3	1.51	1.01	1.98	15.9	79.6
X
K ₁	93.5	159.1	166.4	152.3
K ₂	127.4	179.1	163.5	154.3
K ₃	158.9	201.4	140.0	134.0
K ₄	182.7	151.2	138.0	175.8
K ₅	222.6	94.5	177.3	168.7
极差R	129.2	106.8	39.2	41.8
Y
K ₁	225.1	242.2	274.5	276.2
K ₂	232.0	276.0	287.7	287.9
K ₃	271.5	286.2	298.9	279.6
K ₄	298.5	300.9	276.6	286.7
K ₅	391.9	313.7	281.3	288.6
极差R	166.8	71.5	22.3	12.4

编号	温度	当量比	一二次风配比	流化数	一次风 /m³·h^-1	二次风 /m³·h^-1	加料量/kg·h^-1	冷煤气效率(X)	碳转化率(Y)
1	1(600℃)	1(0.20)	1(9∶1)	1(2.0)	1.77	0.20	3.09	12.1	31.5
2	1	2(0.25)	2(8∶2)	2(2.5)	2.21	0.55	3.48	21.2	46.0
3	1	3(0.30)	3(7∶3)	3(3.0)	2.65	1.14	3.98	22.5	51.0
4	1	4(0.35)	4(6∶4)	4(3.5)	3.09	2.06	4.64	20.2	47.0
5	1	5(0.40)	5(5∶5)	5(4.0)	3.53	3.53	5.57	17.6	49.6
6	2(650℃)	1	2	3	2.30	0.57	4.53	23.4	35.0
7	2	2	3	4	2.68	1.15	4.83	28.6	47.5
8	2	3	4	5	3.06	2.04	5.36	29.9	48.0
9	2	4	5	1	1.53	1.53	2.76	27.9	49.0
10	2	5	1	2	1.92	0.21	1.68	17.5	52.5
11	3(700℃)	1	3	5	2.68	1.15	6.04	31.9	49.0
12	3	2	4	1	1.34	0.89	2.82	32.8	48.5
13	3	3	5	2	1.68	1.68	3.52	38.3	53.0
14	3	4	1	3	2.01	0.22	2.01	31.2	57.5
15	3	5	2	4	2.35	0.59	2.31	24.5	63.5
16	4(750℃)	1	4	2	1.48	0.99	3.89	39.1	53.5
17	4	2	5	3	1.78	1.78	4.48	40.9	56.5
18	4	3	1	4	2.07	0.23	2.42	50.1	55.5
19	4	4	2	5	2.37	0.59	2.67	33.8	64.5
20	4	5	3	1	1.19	0.51	1.33	18.8	68.5
21	5(850℃)	1	5	4	1.76	1.76	5.55	52.5	73.2
22	5	2	1	5	2.02	0.22	2.82	55.5	77.5
23	5	3	2	1	1.01	0.25	1.32	60.5	78.7
24	5	4	3	2	1.26	0.54	1.62	38.1	82.9
25	5	5	4	3	1.51	1.01	1.98	15.9	79.6
X
K ₁	93.5	159.1	166.4	152.3
K ₂	127.4	179.1	163.5	154.3
K ₃	158.9	201.4	140.0	134.0
K ₄	182.7	151.2	138.0	175.8
K ₅	222.6	94.5	177.3	168.7
极差R	129.2	106.8	39.2	41.8
Y
K ₁	225.1	242.2	274.5	276.2
K ₂	232.0	276.0	287.7	287.9
K ₃	271.5	286.2	298.9	279.6
K ₄	298.5	300.9	276.6	286.7
K ₅	391.9	313.7	281.3	288.6
极差R	166.8	71.5	22.3	12.4

当量比	迁移率/%
当量比	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	Cd	As	Pb
0.1	69.32	69.14	65.02	62.64	58.87	72.38	64.28
0.6	53.45	75.23	70.35	59.39	56.34	70.32	62.23

当量比	迁移率/%
当量比	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	Cd	As	Pb
0.1	69.32	69.14	65.02	62.64	58.87	72.38	64.28
0.6	53.45	75.23	70.35	59.39	56.34	70.32	62.23

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