化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (04): 2011-2021.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1231
张伟1,陈晓平1(),王清1,杨叙军2,宋联2,朱葛2,马吉亮1,刘道银1,梁财1
收稿日期:
2018-06-13
修回日期:
2018-09-21
出版日期:
2019-04-05
发布日期:
2019-04-05
通讯作者:
陈晓平
作者简介:
<named-content content-type="corresp-name">张伟</named-content>(1993—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为固体废弃物处理及能源利用。|陈晓平,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为固废与高浓度有机废液焚烧及能源利用。E-mail:<email>xpchen@seu.edu.cn</email>。
Wei ZHANG1,Xiaoping CHEN1(),Qing WANG1,Xujun YANG2,Lian SONG2,Ge ZHU2,Jiliang MA1,Daoyin LIU1,Cai LIANG1
Received:
2018-06-13
Revised:
2018-09-21
Online:
2019-04-05
Published:
2019-04-05
Contact:
Xiaoping CHEN
摘要:
利用自行搭建的流化床热态实验装置,系统研究了污泥的中低温气化及重金属迁移特性。研究表明,对冷煤气效率和碳转化率影响最大的是气化温度,其次是空气当量比,而一二次风配比和流化数影响较弱。污泥中低温气化的焦油产率较之高温气化明显增加。随着二次风占比和空气当量比的提高,焦油产率单调下降。气化温度由600℃升至850℃,冷煤气效率和碳转化率均呈升高趋势;空气当量比由0.2升至0.4,冷煤气效率呈先升高后下降的趋势,在0.3时达到最大值,而碳转化率则呈单调升高趋势。随着气化温度的升高,污泥中重金属转移至产气、焦油及飞灰的迁移率升高。随着空气当量比的升高,Ni、Cu的迁移率降低,Cr升高,Cd、Zn、As和Pb等其他重金属的迁移率几乎不变。
中图分类号:
张伟, 陈晓平, 王清, 杨叙军, 宋联, 朱葛, 马吉亮, 刘道银, 梁财. 城市污泥流化床中低温空气气化及重金属迁移特性[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(04): 2011-2021.
Wei ZHANG, Xiaoping CHEN, Qing WANG, Xujun YANG, Lian SONG, Ge ZHU, Jiliang MA, Daoyin LIU, Cai LIANG. Characteristics of sewage sludge medium-low temperature gasification and heavy metal migration in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(04): 2011-2021.
工业分析/% | 元素分析/% | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分(Mt) | 灰分(Ad) | 挥发分(Vd) | 固定碳(FCd) | 碳 (Cd) | 氢 (Hd) | 氧 (Od) | 氮 (Nd) | 硫 (Sd) | 热值Q net ar /kJ·kg-1 |
7.99 | 36.99 | 54.70 | 8.31 | 32.31 | 4.54 | 19.86 | 5.25 | 1.05 | 12558.00 |
表1 污泥工业分析与元素分析 (质量分数)
工业分析/% | 元素分析/% | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分(Mt) | 灰分(Ad) | 挥发分(Vd) | 固定碳(FCd) | 碳 (Cd) | 氢 (Hd) | 氧 (Od) | 氮 (Nd) | 硫 (Sd) | 热值Q net ar /kJ·kg-1 |
7.99 | 36.99 | 54.70 | 8.31 | 32.31 | 4.54 | 19.86 | 5.25 | 1.05 | 12558.00 |
编号 | 温度 | 当量比 | 一二次风配比 | 流化数 | 一次风 /m3·h-1 | 二次风 /m3·h-1 | 加料量/kg·h-1 | 冷煤气效率(X) | 碳转化率(Y) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1(600℃) | 1(0.20) | 1(9∶1) | 1(2.0) | 1.77 | 0.20 | 3.09 | 12.1 | 31.5 |
2 | 1 | 2(0.25) | 2(8∶2) | 2(2.5) | 2.21 | 0.55 | 3.48 | 21.2 | 46.0 |
3 | 1 | 3(0.30) | 3(7∶3) | 3(3.0) | 2.65 | 1.14 | 3.98 | 22.5 | 51.0 |
4 | 1 | 4(0.35) | 4(6∶4) | 4(3.5) | 3.09 | 2.06 | 4.64 | 20.2 | 47.0 |
5 | 1 | 5(0.40) | 5(5∶5) | 5(4.0) | 3.53 | 3.53 | 5.57 | 17.6 | 49.6 |
6 | 2(650℃) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2.30 | 0.57 | 4.53 | 23.4 | 35.0 |
7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2.68 | 1.15 | 4.83 | 28.6 | 47.5 |
8 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3.06 | 2.04 | 5.36 | 29.9 | 48.0 |
9 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1.53 | 1.53 | 2.76 | 27.9 | 49.0 |
10 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1.92 | 0.21 | 1.68 | 17.5 | 52.5 |
11 | 3(700℃) | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2.68 | 1.15 | 6.04 | 31.9 | 49.0 |
12 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1.34 | 0.89 | 2.82 | 32.8 | 48.5 |
13 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1.68 | 1.68 | 3.52 | 38.3 | 53.0 |
14 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2.01 | 0.22 | 2.01 | 31.2 | 57.5 |
15 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 2.35 | 0.59 | 2.31 | 24.5 | 63.5 |
16 | 4(750℃) | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1.48 | 0.99 | 3.89 | 39.1 | 53.5 |
17 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1.78 | 1.78 | 4.48 | 40.9 | 56.5 |
18 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2.07 | 0.23 | 2.42 | 50.1 | 55.5 |
19 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2.37 | 0.59 | 2.67 | 33.8 | 64.5 |
20 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1.19 | 0.51 | 1.33 | 18.8 | 68.5 |
21 | 5(850℃) | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1.76 | 1.76 | 5.55 | 52.5 | 73.2 |
22 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2.02 | 0.22 | 2.82 | 55.5 | 77.5 |
23 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1.01 | 0.25 | 1.32 | 60.5 | 78.7 |
24 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1.26 | 0.54 | 1.62 | 38.1 | 82.9 |
25 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1.51 | 1.01 | 1.98 | 15.9 | 79.6 |
X | |||||||||
K 1 | 93.5 | 159.1 | 166.4 | 152.3 | |||||
K 2 | 127.4 | 179.1 | 163.5 | 154.3 | |||||
K 3 | 158.9 | 201.4 | 140.0 | 134.0 | |||||
K 4 | 182.7 | 151.2 | 138.0 | 175.8 | |||||
K 5 | 222.6 | 94.5 | 177.3 | 168.7 | |||||
极差R | 129.2 | 106.8 | 39.2 | 41.8 | |||||
Y | |||||||||
K 1 | 225.1 | 242.2 | 274.5 | 276.2 | |||||
K 2 | 232.0 | 276.0 | 287.7 | 287.9 | |||||
K 3 | 271.5 | 286.2 | 298.9 | 279.6 | |||||
K 4 | 298.5 | 300.9 | 276.6 | 286.7 | |||||
K 5 | 391.9 | 313.7 | 281.3 | 288.6 | |||||
极差R | 166.8 | 71.5 | 22.3 | 12.4 |
表2 污泥气化工况安排及其特性的正交分析
编号 | 温度 | 当量比 | 一二次风配比 | 流化数 | 一次风 /m3·h-1 | 二次风 /m3·h-1 | 加料量/kg·h-1 | 冷煤气效率(X) | 碳转化率(Y) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1(600℃) | 1(0.20) | 1(9∶1) | 1(2.0) | 1.77 | 0.20 | 3.09 | 12.1 | 31.5 |
2 | 1 | 2(0.25) | 2(8∶2) | 2(2.5) | 2.21 | 0.55 | 3.48 | 21.2 | 46.0 |
3 | 1 | 3(0.30) | 3(7∶3) | 3(3.0) | 2.65 | 1.14 | 3.98 | 22.5 | 51.0 |
4 | 1 | 4(0.35) | 4(6∶4) | 4(3.5) | 3.09 | 2.06 | 4.64 | 20.2 | 47.0 |
5 | 1 | 5(0.40) | 5(5∶5) | 5(4.0) | 3.53 | 3.53 | 5.57 | 17.6 | 49.6 |
6 | 2(650℃) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2.30 | 0.57 | 4.53 | 23.4 | 35.0 |
7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2.68 | 1.15 | 4.83 | 28.6 | 47.5 |
8 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3.06 | 2.04 | 5.36 | 29.9 | 48.0 |
9 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1.53 | 1.53 | 2.76 | 27.9 | 49.0 |
10 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1.92 | 0.21 | 1.68 | 17.5 | 52.5 |
11 | 3(700℃) | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2.68 | 1.15 | 6.04 | 31.9 | 49.0 |
12 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1.34 | 0.89 | 2.82 | 32.8 | 48.5 |
13 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1.68 | 1.68 | 3.52 | 38.3 | 53.0 |
14 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2.01 | 0.22 | 2.01 | 31.2 | 57.5 |
15 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 2.35 | 0.59 | 2.31 | 24.5 | 63.5 |
16 | 4(750℃) | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1.48 | 0.99 | 3.89 | 39.1 | 53.5 |
17 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1.78 | 1.78 | 4.48 | 40.9 | 56.5 |
18 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2.07 | 0.23 | 2.42 | 50.1 | 55.5 |
19 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2.37 | 0.59 | 2.67 | 33.8 | 64.5 |
20 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1.19 | 0.51 | 1.33 | 18.8 | 68.5 |
21 | 5(850℃) | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1.76 | 1.76 | 5.55 | 52.5 | 73.2 |
22 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2.02 | 0.22 | 2.82 | 55.5 | 77.5 |
23 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1.01 | 0.25 | 1.32 | 60.5 | 78.7 |
24 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1.26 | 0.54 | 1.62 | 38.1 | 82.9 |
25 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1.51 | 1.01 | 1.98 | 15.9 | 79.6 |
X | |||||||||
K 1 | 93.5 | 159.1 | 166.4 | 152.3 | |||||
K 2 | 127.4 | 179.1 | 163.5 | 154.3 | |||||
K 3 | 158.9 | 201.4 | 140.0 | 134.0 | |||||
K 4 | 182.7 | 151.2 | 138.0 | 175.8 | |||||
K 5 | 222.6 | 94.5 | 177.3 | 168.7 | |||||
极差R | 129.2 | 106.8 | 39.2 | 41.8 | |||||
Y | |||||||||
K 1 | 225.1 | 242.2 | 274.5 | 276.2 | |||||
K 2 | 232.0 | 276.0 | 287.7 | 287.9 | |||||
K 3 | 271.5 | 286.2 | 298.9 | 279.6 | |||||
K 4 | 298.5 | 300.9 | 276.6 | 286.7 | |||||
K 5 | 391.9 | 313.7 | 281.3 | 288.6 | |||||
极差R | 166.8 | 71.5 | 22.3 | 12.4 |
当量比 | 迁移率/% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | As | Pb | |
0.1 | 69.32 | 69.14 | 65.02 | 62.64 | 58.87 | 72.38 | 64.28 |
0.6 | 53.45 | 75.23 | 70.35 | 59.39 | 56.34 | 70.32 | 62.23 |
表3 空气当量比对污泥流化床空气气化重金属迁移率影响
当量比 | 迁移率/% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | As | Pb | |
0.1 | 69.32 | 69.14 | 65.02 | 62.64 | 58.87 | 72.38 | 64.28 |
0.6 | 53.45 | 75.23 | 70.35 | 59.39 | 56.34 | 70.32 | 62.23 |
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