关键词: 二氧化碳, 生物膜, 溶解扩散, 水通道蛋白, 促进传递

Abstract: CO₂,as a vital metabolic product and reaction substrate in living organisms,can make gas exchange with external environment,which is crucial to ensure the normal physiological activities of living organisms. The transfer of CO₂ in organisms,especially in cells,is of great significance for controlling the emission of CO₂,constructing efficient carbon cycle and exploring the carbon capture technology. This review presents a brief overview of the research progress on CO₂ transport mechanisms in organisms,including the detailed analysis of different models about the CO₂ transmembrane transport mechanisms,and in particular the facilitated transport of CO₂ by aquaporin protein,with the conclusion that the aquaporin-mediated CO₂ permeation plays an important role in membrane with a low intrinsic CO₂ permeability. Recent researches also show that the water channels and central pore along the fourfold axis of the tetramer of aquaporin are supposed to function in the CO₂ transmembrane transport. Moreover,the existence of carbonic anhydrase and HCO₃^–-Cl^– transporter can accelerate intracellular acidification process,thus increase the CO₂ transmembranetransport rate. This review could offer theoretical reference for developing new biomimetic membrane materials and carbon capture technology.

Key words: carbon dioxide, biofilm, solution-diffusion, aquaporin, facilitated transport