食品工程——化工精英应该关注的领域

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.06.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 食品生产与市场是现代经济与国家安全中的重要一环。本文介绍了食品工程的特殊性:食品工程并非是化工原理的简单应用,因为食品是种特殊的物质,其主要组分(包括蛋白质、脂肪及碳水化合物)都是大分子,但拥有普通高分子材料不具备的各种特性。并且,食品中发生的物理化学现象是随时间变化的并且在很大程度上受其水分的影响。本文从食品的微结构特性、水活度及其重要性、食品的分离与纯化、“新兴”的食品加工技术、食品的营养过程工程、纳米技术在食品加工中的应用等方面全面阐述了食品工程与生物工程、化学工程、机械工程、电机工程等学科的交叉与融合。最后通过实例,将化工工程中的喷雾干燥应用于奶粉的生产,指出食品工程今后需解决的问题。作者期望抛砖引玉,有更多的化工精英致力于食品工程的发展。

关键词: 食品工程, 化学工程, 食品特性, 营养工程, 消化与吸收, 新兴非热技术, 水活度

Abstract: Food production and its market economy are the most important sector in national economy and security. Here the characteristics are introduced:food engineering is not a simple application of the chemical engineering principles. Food is a unique material consisting of mostly protein,fat and carbohydrate,which are all large polymeric molecules yet possessing characteristics that are more complex than those usually encountered. Most importantly,all food related phenomena are time-dependent,which are influenced significantly by their water contents. Here,the author has through some examples,e.g. food microstructure characteristics,water activity and its importance,separation and purification technologies in food industry,new emerging food processing technologies,food nutrition engineering,and nano technology applied to food industry,described the nature of food engineering as a multidisciplinary subject linked with biological engineering,chemical engineering,mechanical engineering and electrical and electronic engineering. A typical example,spray drying to make milk powder,is given with a futurd prospect suggested. There is no doubt that the current article reflects only a small part of area of food engineering. Nevertheless,it would make a good read for someone who is interested in food processing.

Key words: food engineering, chemical engineering, food characteristics, nutrition engineering, digestion and absorption, emerging non-thermal processing technologies, water activity

中图分类号:

TS201.1

陈晓东. 食品工程——化工精英应该关注的领域[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(06): 1852-1864.

CHEN Xiaodong. Food engineering——chemical engineering elite should pay attention to the field[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(06): 1852-1864.

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