新型纳米棒药物载体的合成及性能研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-0159

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 纳米棒拥有独特的结构、优良的性能和重要的生物医学应用价值，已逐步成为一类新型药物载体。本文介绍了近年来纳米棒作为药物载体的相关研究，分别对金纳米棒、羟磷灰石纳米棒、介孔硅纳米棒等典型药物载体的制备和应用进行了详细阐述，重点分析了金纳米棒、Au@SiO₂复合纳米棒、Au@C复合纳米棒以及中空金纳米棒等药物载体的一般合成工艺，简述了这些基于金纳米棒载体的表面修饰、功能化、负载及控释技术。随后对常见的纳米棒载体的药物控释性能进行了比较和评价，提出了3种常见的纳米棒载体缓释方式：一是载体直接分散缓释法，该法经济易行，但所需载体用量较大且易损失；二是透析袋式缓释法，该法所需载体用量较小、无需分离，但需购置半透膜；三是比色皿式缓释法，该法主要针对于光敏性载体。详细讨论了纳米棒载体的尺寸和体外细胞毒性，并对纳米棒载体的体内分布、免疫清除等体内代谢性能进行了介绍，最后对纳米棒载体的发展进行了展望，认为基于纳米棒的多刺激响应型异质载体、中空纳米棒载体和纳米管类载体可能是今后的研究热点。

关键词: 纳米棒载体, 复合材料, 纳米材料, 分布, 细胞毒性

Abstract: Nanorods with unique structure,excellent performance and important biomedical applications value,have gradually become a novel drug carrier. The paper discussed the recent research progresses in nanorods drug carriers,including fabrications and applications of some typical drug carriers,such as Au nanorods,hydroxyapatite(HAP)nanorods, and mesoporous silica(MSP) nanorods. The general synthesis process of drug carries(Au nanorods,Au@SiO₂ nanorods,Au@C nanorods,hollow Au nanorods)were primarily analyzed. The surface modification,functionalization,loading and controlled release of those carries based on Au nanorods were briefly discussed. The controlled-release properties of some familiar nanorods carriers were analyzed and compared. Three common release methods for nanorods carries were presented. Direct-release with the as-dispersed carries,is economical and practicable,but the required carrier dosage is large and easy to loss. The release method with dialysis bag requires the lower carrier dosage,does not need separation but needs to purchase dialysis bag. The third method,release in cuvette,is mostly used at photosensitive carriers. Furthermore,the size and in vitro cytotoxicity of nanorods carriers were discussed in detail,and their metabolism properties in vivo such as distribution and immune clearance were also introduced. Finally,the outlook on the development of nanorods carriers was presented. Future research on nanorods carries maybe focus on multiple stimuli-responsive heterogeneous carries based on nanorods,hollow nanorods carries and nanotube carries.

Key words: nanorods carriers, composites, nanomaterials, distributions, cytotoxicity

中图分类号:

R318.08
R914

李薇, 赵一凡, 曹媛媛, 胡平静, 李祥子. 新型纳米棒药物载体的合成及性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(09): 3436-3446.

LI Wei, ZHAO Yifan, CAO Yuanyuan, HU Pingjing, LI Xiangzi. Fabrication and properties of novel nanorods drug carriers[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(09): 3436-3446.

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