甲烷干重整抗积炭Ni基催化剂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲烷干重整反应是将CH₄和CO₂两种温室气体转化为合成气的有效途径，然而催化剂在反应过程中容易积炭或烧结失活，因此如何设计出高效和稳定的催化剂是实现甲烷干重整（DRM）工业化应用的关键。本文主要总结近年来甲烷干重整抗积炭Ni基催化剂的研究进展，首先从传统催化剂存在的局限性出发分析了甲烷干重整Ni基催化剂的抗积炭策略。其次，详细讨论了不同双金属Ni基催化剂的协同作用以及抗积炭机制、不同结构催化剂的设计策略及优势以及甲烷干重整催化剂抗积炭机理，并对催化剂积炭原因以及抗积炭调控方法进行了分析。最后，对甲烷干重整的研究现状进行了总结与展望，探讨了甲烷干重整研究领域未来可能发展的方向，如更加多元的合金催化剂或高熵合金催化剂的开发、更长时间稳定性的测试等。本文旨在为甲烷干重整抗失活催化剂的设计提供参考。

关键词: 甲烷, 重整, 催化剂, 稳定性, 失活

Abstract:

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is an effective approach to convert two greenhouse gases of CH₄ and CO₂ into syngas. However, catalysts are prone to carbon deposition or sintering deactivation during the reaction process, so design of efficient and stable catalysts is the key to realize the industrial application of DRM. This paper mainly summarized recent progress of anti-carbon deposition Ni-based catalysts for DRM. Firstly, the anti-carbon deposition strategy of Ni-based catalysts was analyzed from the limitations of traditional catalysts. Secondly, the synergistic mechanism of bimetallic catalysts, the design strategies and advantages of catalysts with different structures, as well as the anti-carbon deposition mechanism were discussed in detail. And the causes of carbon deposition in catalyst and the control methods were analyzed. Finally, current research status of DRM was summarized and outlooked, and the possible future directions of DRM research were discussed, such as the development of more diversified alloy catalysts or high entropy alloy catalysts, and the stability testing for longer time. This paper is intended to provide a reference for the design of anti-deactivation catalysts for DRM.

Key words: methane, reforming, catalysts, stability, deactivation

中图分类号:

TQ426

陈子朝, 何方书, 胡强, 杨扬, 陈汉平, 杨海平. 甲烷干重整抗积炭Ni基催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(9): 4968-4978.

CHEN Zizhao, HE Fangshu, HU Qiang, YANG Yang, CHEN Hanping, YANG Haiping. Research progress on anti-carbon deposition Ni-based catalysts for dry reforming of methane[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(9): 4968-4978.

图/表 8

图1 NiCo(121)Ni、NiCo(121)Co和NiCo(211)的表面结构[21]

图2 NiFe合金抗积炭作用机制[32]

图3 甲烷干重整催化剂结构类型

图4 不同壳厚硅酸镍空心球催化剂的积炭情况[51]

图5 不同Ru物种负载在LaCrO3载体上催化剂结构示意图[74]

图6 DRM反应机理的两种不同的路线 [75]

图7 CH4裂解的DFT计算（1Å=0.1nm）[82]

图8 氧在Ni催化剂上的迁移性诱导振荡行为[86]

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