复配型表面活性剂协同无机盐增效弦栅水膜除尘

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0720

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究新型高效复合型湿式除尘装备除尘性能，本文以无烟煤粉为研究对象，设计并搭建了复配型表面活性剂协同无机盐增效弦栅水膜除尘实验系统，通过对表面活性剂和无机盐进行优选复配来确定配比方案，选取了0.4%SDBS/0.5%SDS/0.07%MgCl₂、0.5%SDS/0.3%AEO-9/0.05%MgCl₂、0.4%SDBS/0.3%AEO-9/0.07%MgCl₂三种复合溶液来进行弦栅水膜除尘实验，研究风速、喷雾压力、喷嘴与弦栅间距、粉尘浓度及复合溶液种类对除尘性能的影响规律。研究结果表明，在不同风速条件下的湿式弦栅的除尘效率相较于单一弦栅过滤除尘显著提升；在一定范围内增加风速可有效提高除尘效率，当风速超过0.8m/s时，除尘阻力明显增大，弦栅造膜效应降低导致除尘效率降低；增大喷雾压力，耗水量及除尘效率随之增加，需综合考虑；随着喷嘴与弦栅间距、入口粉尘浓度的增加，除尘效率先增后减，当喷嘴与弦栅间距为100mm、粉尘浓度为 500mg/m³时，除尘效率最高达95.54%；三种复合溶液中0.4%SDBS/0.5%SDS/0.07%MgCl₂对粉尘的润湿性能最佳，且除尘效果最优。

关键词: 湿式除尘, 喷雾, 弦栅, 表面活性剂, 无机盐

Abstract:

In order to study the performance of the new efficient composite wet dedusting, the smokeless coal powder was taken as the research object, and the experimental system of chord grid water film dedusting with synergistic effect of composite surfactant and inorganic salt was designed and built. The proportioning scheme was determined by optimizing the combination of surfactant and inorganic salt. Three composite solutions of 0.4%SDBS/0.5%SDS/0.07%MgCl₂, 0.5%SDS/0.3%AEO-9/0.05%MgCl₂ and 0.4%SDBS/0.3%AEO-9/0.07%MgCl₂ were selected to carry out the chord grid water film dedusting experiment. The influence of wind speed, spray pressure, nozzle chord grid spacing, dust concentration and composite solution type on the dedusting performance was studied. The research results indicated that the dust removal efficiency of wet chord grid under different wind speed conditions was significantly improved compared to single chord grid filtration dust removal. Increasing the wind speed within a certain range could effectively improve the dust removal efficiency. When the wind speed exceeded 0.8m/s, the dust removal resistance significantly increased and the chord grid film-forming effect decreased, leading to a decrease in dust removal efficiency. The water consumption and dust removal efficiency would increase with the increase of spray pressure, which needed comprehensive consideration. As the distance between the nozzle and the grid and the inlet dust concentration increased, the dust removal efficiency first increased and then decreased. When the distance between the nozzle and the chord grid was 100mm and the dust concentration was 500mg/m³, the highest dust removal efficiency can reach 95.54%; Among the three composite solutions, 0.4%SDBS/0.5%SDS/0.07% MgCl₂ had the best wetting performance for dust and the best dust removal effect.

Key words: wet dust removal, spray, chord grid, surfactant, inorganic salt

中图分类号:

X513

丁厚成, 薛亚芹, 邓权龙, 张文静, 邵梦胜, 许盈盈. 复配型表面活性剂协同无机盐增效弦栅水膜除尘[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(6): 3651-3658.

DING Houcheng, XUE Yaqin, DENG Quanlong, ZHANG Wenjing, SHAO Mengsheng, XU Yingying. Composite surfactants synergistically enhance the efficiency of inorganic salts in chord grid water film dust removal[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(6): 3651-3658.

图/表 14

图1 复配型表面活性剂协同无机盐增效弦栅水膜除尘原理

图2 实验装置系统

表1 表面活性剂和无机盐信息

种类	名称	化学式	等级
表面活性剂	十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）	C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na	分析纯
	十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）	C₁₈H₂₉NaO₃S	分析纯
	吐温20（ TW-20）	C₂₀H₅₀O₁₀	分析纯
	脂肪聚氧乙烯醚（AEO-9）	C₃₀H₆₂O₁₀	分析纯
	十二烷基二甲基氧化胺（OA-12）	C₁₄H₃₀NO	分析纯
	十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱（BS-12）	C₁₄H₃₉NO₂	分析纯
无机盐	氯化钙	CaCl₂	分析纯
	氯化钠	NaCl	分析纯
	氯化镁	MgCl₂	分析纯
	碳酸钠	Na₂CO₃	分析纯
	硫酸钠	Na₂SO₄	分析纯

图3 粉尘粒径分布

图4 不同质量分数表面活性剂溶液接触角

表2 复配溶液接触角测量

复配方案	复配溶液组分	接触角/(°)
Ⅰ	SDBS+SDS	23.99
Ⅱ	SDBS+AEO-9	27.68
Ⅲ	SDS+AEO-9	31.89

图5 复合溶液的制备与煤尘沉降

图6 不同无机盐对复配溶液中的煤尘沉降时间的影响

图7 氯化镁质量分数对煤尘在复配溶液中沉降时间的影响

图8 不同喷雾压力、风速对湿式弦栅除尘效率的影响

图9 风速对除尘效率的变化曲线

图10 喷雾压力对除尘效率的变化曲线

图11 喷嘴与弦栅的间距对除尘效率的变化曲线

图12 入口粉尘浓度对除尘效率的变化曲线

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