气化细渣、铝灰的活化及其吸附性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-2282

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以工业废渣——煤气化细渣（FS）、铝灰（AA）为原料，一步碱熔法制备介孔吸附材料。研究了上述介孔材料对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能，结果表明，FS的最佳处理条件为：m_FS∶m_NaOH=5∶10、煅烧温度450℃、处理时间5h；AA的最佳处理条件为：m_AA∶m_NaOH=5∶8、煅烧温度550℃、处理时间3h。经碱熔处理后，FS材料对水中亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附容量由1.16mg/g（FS-0）提升到67.85mg/g（FS-2），增长了近58倍；AA对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附容量由1.4mg/g（AA-0）提升到23.95mg/g（AA-2），增长了近17倍。X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析及傅里叶变换红外光谱等表征结果表明，两种材料在碱熔过程中形成的介孔孔道、带有氧缺陷位的 Si—O—基团以及大量的Al—OH和Si—OH键是其对亚甲基蓝吸附性能得到大大提升的原因。本研究表明FS和AA可以应用为一种廉价的亚甲基蓝吸附剂，为二者的资源化利用和印染废水的处理提供了一种潜在的方法。

关键词: 废水, 吸附, 气化细渣, 铝灰

Abstract:

Coal gasification fine slag (FS) and aluminum ash (AA), being industrial wastes, were used as raw materials to prepare the mesoporous adsorbents by one-step alkali fusion treatment. The adsorption performance of the above mesoporous materials on methylene blue in water was investigated. The results showed that the optimal treatment conditions for FS were m_FS∶m_NaOH=5∶10, calcination temperature of 450℃ and treatment time of 5h. The optimal treatment conditions for AA were m_AA∶m_NaOH=5∶8, calcination temperature of 550℃ and treatment time of 3h. The adsorption capacity for methylene blue increased from 1.16mg/g (FS-0) to 67.85mg/g (FS-2), an increase of nearly 58 times. The adsorption capacity for methylene blue increased from 1.4mg/g (AA-0) to 23.95mg/g (AA-2), an increase of nearly 17 times. The characterizations of X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, BET and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer indicated that the formation of mesoporous structure, Si—O— groups with oxygen defect sites and a large number of Al—OH and Si—OH bonds was responsible for the greatly improved adsorption performance of theadsorbents. This study indicated that FS and AA could be used as cheap adsorbents for methylene blue in water, which provided a potential method for their resource utilization and treatment of dyeing wastewater.

Key words: waste water, adsorption, gasification fine slag, aluminum ash

中图分类号:

TQ424.2

刘新维, 高珊, 王红涛, 王建成. 气化细渣、铝灰的活化及其吸附性能[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(1): 558-571.

LIU Xinwei, GAO Shan, WANG Hongtao, WANG Jiancheng. Activation of gasification fine slag and aluminum ash and their adsorption properties[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(1): 558-571.

图/表 21

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样品	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	ClO₂	SO₃
FS-0	37.30	26.04	14.90	11.72	0.59	0.53	5.47
FS-2	34.79	23.08	21.84	17.00	0	0.48	0.08
AA-0	4.22	74.95	0.70	1.48	5.83	9.14	1.09
AA-2	13.23	61.89	3.81	3.43	10.14	0.61	0.06

样品	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	ClO₂	SO₃
FS-0	37.30	26.04	14.90	11.72	0.59	0.53	5.47
FS-2	34.79	23.08	21.84	17.00	0	0.48	0.08
AA-0	4.22	74.95	0.70	1.48	5.83	9.14	1.09
AA-2	13.23	61.89	3.81	3.43	10.14	0.61	0.06

样品	BET比表面积/m²·g^-1	外比表面积/m²·g^-1	微孔体积/cm³·g^-1	介孔体积/cm³·g^-1	孔径/nm
FS-0	1.87	1.10	0.0004	0.0009	5.572
FS-2	109.29	102.78	0.0027	0.2250	8.231
AA-0	4.55	2.77	0.0009	0.0080	10.384
AA-2	96.32	89.40	0.0031	0.2394	13.430

样品	BET比表面积/m²·g^-1	外比表面积/m²·g^-1	微孔体积/cm³·g^-1	介孔体积/cm³·g^-1	孔径/nm
FS-0	1.87	1.10	0.0004	0.0009	5.572
FS-2	109.29	102.78	0.0027	0.2250	8.231
AA-0	4.55	2.77	0.0009	0.0080	10.384
AA-2	96.32	89.40	0.0031	0.2394	13.430

样品	拟一级动力学模型			拟二级动力学模型
样品	q_e/mg·g^-1	k₁/min^-1	R²	q_e/mg·g^-1	k₂/mg·g^-1·min^-1	R²
FS-2	58.82	0.153	0.976	63.32	0.0039	0.996
AA-2	27.01	0.039	0.977	34.27	0.0011	0.953