基于正交试验的铯热管优化设计

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0919

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中温热管在核反应堆二次换热、中温恒温控制及飞行器热防护等领域中均有潜在应用，利用数值模拟开展贵金属热管研究并对其进行全参数优化设计具有重要意义。首先，通过UDF在自适应相变模型基础上添加多孔回流模型，并对比实验数据及基础模型结论，验证了模型的准确性。其次，引入正交试验法研究全因素相互作用下各因素对热管性能影响的重要性顺序，结果证明在选取工况范围内各因素的影响显著性顺序为倾角＞长径比＞充液率＞丝网目数，获得最优设计工况为长径比17.18、充液率15%、倾角δ=45°、丝网50目，此时整体热阻仅为较差工况的15.6%，传热性能显著增强。最后，通过对比分析饱和启动伊始至准稳态过程中，热管及多孔结构内部的相态分布、温度分布、干烧现象等，证明最优设计参数下热管壁面多孔结构内冷凝液分布能够维持均匀且连续，有效避免了壁面的局部过热，显著提高了热管的温度均匀性。同时，长径比和充液率等参数的匹配使得热管换热有效长度可达100%。

关键词: 热管, 正交试验, 倾角, 充液率, 强化换热, 长径比, 丝网

Abstract:

Medium-temperature heat pipes have potential applications in the fields of secondary heat exchange in nuclear reactors, medium-temperature constant temperature control and thermal protection of aircraft, etc. It is of great significance to carry out the study of precious metal heat pipes using numerical simulation and optimize their full-parameter design. First, a porous reflux model was added to the adaptive phase change model by UDF, and the accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the experimental data and the conclusion of the base model. Secondly, the orthogonal test method was introduced to study the order of importance of the influence of each factor on the performance of the heat pipe under the interaction of all factors, and the result proved that the order of significance of the influence of the factors within the range of the selected working conditions was inclination angle>aspect ratio>liquid filling ratio>mesh number, and the optimal design conditions were 17.18 aspect ratio, 15% liquid filling ratio, inclination angle δ=45°, and 50-mesh screens. And under this condition, the overall thermal resistance was only 15.6% of the worse working conditions, and the heat transfer performance was significantly enhanced. Finally, by comparing and analyzing the phase distribution, temperature distribution and dry burning phenomenon inside the heat pipe and porous structure from the beginning of the complete startup to the quasi-steady state process, it was proved that the distribution of condensate inside the porous structure of the heat pipe wall under the optimal design parameters could be maintained uniformly and continuously, which effectively avoided local overheating of the wall and significantly improved the temperature uniformity of the heat pipe. At the same time, the matching of the parameters such as length-to-diameter ratio and liquid filling rate made the effective heat transfer length of heat pipe up to 100%.

Key words: heat pipe, orthogonal design, inclination angle, liquid filling ratio, enhanced heat transfer, aspect ratio, mesh

中图分类号:

TK172.4

赵吉隆, 马英华, 黄国庆, 沈明芋, 陈宏霞. 基于正交试验的铯热管优化设计[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 94-105.

ZHAO Jilong, MA Yinghua, HUANG Guoqing, SHEN Mingyu, CHEN Hongxia. Optimization design of cesium heat pipe based on orthogonal test[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 94-105.

图/表 11

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试验	影响因素				数值计算结果
试验	长径比	充液率	倾角	丝网目数	均温平均差	热阻	A值
case1	15.62	8.8%	90°	50	44.48	0.08	1.11
case2	15.62	12%	45°	100	39.14	0.06	1.09
case3	15.62	15%	25°	200	52.41	0.08	1.11
case4	15.62	18%	10°	400	139.16	0.18	1.27
case5	17.18	8.8%	45°	200	56.12	0.09	1.12
case6	17.18	12%	90°	400	35.66	0.04	1.06
case7	17.18	15%	10°	50	97.81	0.14	1.22
case8	17.18	18%	25°	100	35.96	0.04	1.06
case9	18.75	8.8%	25°	400	60.65	0.09	1.13
case10	18.75	12%	10°	200	225.78	0.31	1.44
case11	18.75	15%	90°	100	55.39	0.10	1.15
case12	18.75	18%	45°	50	39.57	0.05	1.08
case13	20.31	8.8%	10°	100	227.74	0.31	1.51
case14	20.31	12%	25°	50	83.11	0.13	1.19
case15	20.31	15%	45°	400	54.48	0.09	1.13
case16	20.31	18%	90°	200	66.71	0.13	1.19

试验	影响因素				数值计算结果
试验	长径比	充液率	倾角	丝网目数	均温平均差	热阻	A值
case1	15.62	8.8%	90°	50	44.48	0.08	1.11
case2	15.62	12%	45°	100	39.14	0.06	1.09
case3	15.62	15%	25°	200	52.41	0.08	1.11
case4	15.62	18%	10°	400	139.16	0.18	1.27
case5	17.18	8.8%	45°	200	56.12	0.09	1.12
case6	17.18	12%	90°	400	35.66	0.04	1.06
case7	17.18	15%	10°	50	97.81	0.14	1.22
case8	17.18	18%	25°	100	35.96	0.04	1.06
case9	18.75	8.8%	25°	400	60.65	0.09	1.13
case10	18.75	12%	10°	200	225.78	0.31	1.44
case11	18.75	15%	90°	100	55.39	0.10	1.15
case12	18.75	18%	45°	50	39.57	0.05	1.08
case13	20.31	8.8%	10°	100	227.74	0.31	1.51
case14	20.31	12%	25°	50	83.11	0.13	1.19
case15	20.31	15%	45°	400	54.48	0.09	1.13
case16	20.31	18%	90°	200	66.71	0.13	1.19

评价指标	k₁	k₂	k₃	k₄	K₁×10⁴	K₂×10⁴	K₃×10⁴	K₄×10⁴	F值
均温平均差	275.22	225.58	384.41	432.06	75.75	5.09	14.55	18.67	4.56
	389.02	383.72	260.12	281.42	151.33	14.72	6.77	7.92	2.3
	202.27	189.34	232.16	690.51	40.91	3.58	5.39	47.68	29.73
	264.99	358.25	401.05	289.98	70.22	12.83	16.08	8.41	1.97
热阻	0.42	0.33	0.57	0.67	0.18	0.11	0.32	0.45	10.58
	0.59	0.56	0.42	0.42	0.35	0.31	0.18	0.17	3.37
	0.37	0.31	0.35	0.96	0.14	0.09	0.12	0.92	43.98
	0.41	0.54	0.61	0.42	0.17	0.29	0.38	0.17	4.43
干烧温度	4.59	4.47	4.82	5.03	21.11	20.04	23.23	25.39	13.55
	4.89	4.79	4.63	4.62	23.87	22.98	21.46	21.34	3.29
	4.53	4.44	4.5	5.45	20.55	19.72	20.29	29.75	50.74
	4.61	4.83	4.89	4.61	21.24	23.29	23.88	21.26	4.55

评价指标	k₁	k₂	k₃	k₄	K₁×10⁴	K₂×10⁴	K₃×10⁴	K₄×10⁴	F值
均温平均差	275.22	225.58	384.41	432.06	75.75	5.09	14.55	18.67	4.56
	389.02	383.72	260.12	281.42	151.33	14.72	6.77	7.92	2.3
	202.27	189.34	232.16	690.51	40.91	3.58	5.39	47.68	29.73
	264.99	358.25	401.05	289.98	70.22	12.83	16.08	8.41	1.97
热阻	0.42	0.33	0.57	0.67	0.18	0.11	0.32	0.45	10.58
	0.59	0.56	0.42	0.42	0.35	0.31	0.18	0.17	3.37
	0.37	0.31	0.35	0.96	0.14	0.09	0.12	0.92	43.98
	0.41	0.54	0.61	0.42	0.17	0.29	0.38	0.17	4.43
干烧温度	4.59	4.47	4.82	5.03	21.11	20.04	23.23	25.39	13.55
	4.89	4.79	4.63	4.62	23.87	22.98	21.46	21.34	3.29
	4.53	4.44	4.5	5.45	20.55	19.72	20.29	29.75	50.74
	4.61	4.83	4.89	4.61	21.24	23.29	23.88	21.26	4.55

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