碳酸钠催化制备纳米碳纤维

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1451

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 3980-3986.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1451

• 材料科学与技术 • 上一篇

碳酸钠催化制备纳米碳纤维

龚勇¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 潘忠文³, 谢纯³, 崔瑾⁴, 王鲜¹()

^1.华中科技大学集成电路学院，湖北武汉 430074
^2.湖南文理学院水处理功能材料湖南省重点实验室，湖南常德 415000
^3.成都龙之泉科技股份有限公司，四川成都 610100
^4.泸州职业技术学院智能控制与电子器件应用技术泸州市重点实验室，四川泸州 646000

收稿日期:2023-08-21 修回日期:2023-09-27 出版日期:2024-07-10 发布日期:2024-08-14
通讯作者: 王鲜
作者简介:龚勇（1987—），男，博士后，副教授，研究方向为新型碳材料、新能源材料与器件。E-mail: gongyong0529@163.com。
基金资助:
泸州市科技计划(2022-YJY-125);材料腐蚀与防护四川省重点实验室开放基金(2022CL21);水处理功能材料湖南省重点实验室开放基金(KFJJ2104);泸州职业技术学院高层次人才科研启动项目(LZYGCC202104)

Preparation of carbon nanofibers catalyzed by sodium carbonate

GONG Yong¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), PAN Zhongwen³, XIE Chun³, CUI Jin⁴, WANG Xian¹()

^1.School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
^2.Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, Hunan, China
^3.Chengdu Longzhiquan Technology Co. , Ltd. , Chengdu 610100, Sichuan, China
^4.Intelligent Control and Electronic Device Application Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou Vocational and Technical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China

Received:2023-08-21 Revised:2023-09-27 Online:2024-07-10 Published:2024-08-14
Contact: WANG Xian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳纳米材料中残留的金属催化剂会影响其本征性能的发挥，通常需要采用强酸酸洗除去，但酸洗成本较高且破坏碳纳米材料的表面结构，甚至带来环境问题。本文以乙炔为碳源，碳酸钠为催化剂，采用化学气相沉积法裂解制备纳米碳纤维（CNFs），考察制备温度对CNFs形貌的影响。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和能谱仪表征CNFs的微观结构和元素组成，通过X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和傅里叶红外光谱表征CNFs的晶体结构和表面官能团。结果表明，500℃制备的CNFs直径约为50nm，产品直径均匀，通过简单的水洗后能除掉CNFs表面的碳酸钠催化剂，乙炔转化率为31.0%，CNFs产率为1396.7%；CNFs表面的碳原子呈无序排列，石墨化度低，主要由C—H、C $̿$ C官能团组成。

关键词: 纳米碳纤维, 化学气相沉积法, 乙炔, 碳酸钠, 催化裂解

Abstract:

The residual metal catalysts in carbon nanomaterials will affect the performance of their intrinsic properties and usually need to be removed by strong acid pickling. However, the cost of acid pickling is high and the surface structure of carbon nanomaterials is destroyed, even causing environmental problems. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared by chemical vapor deposition using acetylene as carbon source and sodium carbonate as catalyst. The effect of preparation temperature on the morphology of CNFs was investigated. The microstructure and elemental composition of CNFs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The crystal structure and surface functional groups of CNFs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the diameter of CNFs prepared at 500℃ was about 50nm and the diameter of the product was uniform. The sodium carbonate catalyst on the surface of CNFs can be removed by simple water washing. The acetylene conversion rate was 31.0% and the yield of CNFs was 1396.7%. The carbon atoms on the surface of CNFs were disorderly arranged and the degree of graphitization was low, which was mainly composed of C—H and C $̿$ C functional groups.

Key words: carbon nanofibers, chemical vapor deposition method, acetylene, sodium carbonate, catalytic cracking

中图分类号:

TQ127.1

龚勇, 潘忠文, 谢纯, 崔瑾, 王鲜. 碳酸钠催化制备纳米碳纤维[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 3980-3986.

GONG Yong, PAN Zhongwen, XIE Chun, CUI Jin, WANG Xian. Preparation of carbon nanofibers catalyzed by sodium carbonate[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3980-3986.

图/表 11

参考文献 35

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产品	产品原子分数/%
产品	C	O	Na
CNFs	99.22	0.75	0.03
水洗后的CNFs	99.55	0.45	—

产品	产品原子分数/%
产品	C	O	Na
CNFs	99.22	0.75	0.03
水洗后的CNFs	99.55	0.45	—

催化剂种类	碳源	碳材料产率/%	参考文献
Al₂O₃-Ni(NO₃)₂	CH₄	1235	[31]
Co(NO₃)₂/Fe(NO₃)₂	CH₄	371	[32]
Co-Fe	C₂H₂	351.3	[33]
Ni-Mo	CH₄、CO₂	1034.7	[34]
Fe-Al₂O₃	C₂H₆	2770	[1]
Ni/Ni(NO₃)₂	CH₄	927	[35]
Na₂CO₃	C₂H₂	1396.7	本研究

催化剂种类	碳源	碳材料产率/%	参考文献
Al₂O₃-Ni(NO₃)₂	CH₄	1235	[31]
Co(NO₃)₂/Fe(NO₃)₂	CH₄	371	[32]
Co-Fe	C₂H₂	351.3	[33]
Ni-Mo	CH₄、CO₂	1034.7	[34]
Fe-Al₂O₃	C₂H₆	2770	[1]
Ni/Ni(NO₃)₂	CH₄	927	[35]
Na₂CO₃	C₂H₂	1396.7	本研究

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碳酸钠催化制备纳米碳纤维

Preparation of carbon nanofibers catalyzed by sodium carbonate

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