NaOH-Na2CO3焙烧二次铝灰提取Al2O3

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-2161

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二次铝灰具有危险固废和有价资源的双重特性，如果不对其进行回收利用，不仅会造成资源浪费也会污染环境。为此提出了NaOH-Na₂CO₃混合助剂焙烧铝灰的工艺，从而进行Al₂O₃的高效提取。通过热力学分析、TG-DSC分析、化学分析等手段，研究了NaOH-Na₂CO₃体系焙烧二次铝灰的过程和碱灰比、NaOH与Na₂CO₃质量比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、溶出温度、溶出时间以及液固比对Al₂O₃溶出率的影响。结果表明，NaOH-Na₂CO₃混合助剂体系的构建有助于降低焙烧体系共熔点，促进铝灰与混合助剂的充分接触，能够降低能耗，提高反应效率；在m(NaOH+Na₂CO₃)∶m(SAD)=1.2、m(NaOH)∶m(Na₂CO₃)=1.5、焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间60min、溶出温度80℃、溶出时间15min、液固比15mL/g的条件下，Al₂O₃溶出率可达到92.29%。该研究对二次铝灰采用NaOH-Na₂CO₃焙烧法提取Al₂O₃的技术应用提供了理论和实践指导，进一步提高了二次铝灰的综合利用率。

关键词: 二次铝灰, 氢氧化钠, 碳酸钠, 焙烧, Al₂O₃溶出率

Abstract:

Secondary aluminum dross possesses a dual nature of hazardous solid waste and valuable resources. If not recycled, it not only leads to resource wastage but also environmental pollution. In response, a process of calcining secondary aluminum dross using a NaOH-Na₂CO₃ mixed additive was proposed to efficiently extract Al₂O₃. The process of calcining secondary aluminum dross in the NaOH-Na₂CO₃ system, as well as the effects of alkali dross ratio, mass ratio of NaOH to Na₂CO₃, calcination temperature, calcination time, dissolution temperature, dissolution time and liquid-to-solid ratio on the dissolution rate of Al₂O₃, were studied through thermodynamic analysis, TG-DSC analysis and chemical analysis. The results indicated that the construction of the NaOH-Na₂CO₃ mixed additive system helped to lower the eutectic point of the calcination system, promoted sufficient contact between aluminum ash and the mixed additive, reduced energy consumption and enhanced reaction efficiency. Under the conditions of m(NaOH+Na₂CO₃)∶m(SAD)=1.2, m(NaOH)∶m(Na₂CO₃)=1.5, calcination temperature of 800℃, calcination time of 60min, dissolution temperature of 80℃, dissolution time of 15min and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 15mL/g, the dissolution rate of Al₂O₃ can reach 92.29%. This study provided theoretical and practical guidance for the technical application of extracting Al₂O₃ from secondary aluminum dross using the NaOH-Na₂CO₃ calcination method, further improving the comprehensive utilization of secondary aluminum dross.

Key words: second aluminum dross, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcination, dissolution rate of Al₂O₃

中图分类号:

TQ610.9

任学昌, 冯浩, 杨镇瑜, 曹鹏飞. NaOH-Na₂CO₃焙烧二次铝灰提取Al₂O₃[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(12): 7125-7134.

REN Xuechang, FENG Hao, YANG Zhenyu, CAO Pengfei. Research on the extraction of Al₂O₃ from NaOH-Na₂CO₃ calcined secondary aluminum dross[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(12): 7125-7134.

图/表 17

表1 二次铝灰的化学组成（质量分数，%）

Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Na₂O	CaO	MgO	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	TiO₂	F	Cl	其他
64.04	1.32	8.87	0.96	9.86	0.19	1.17	0.55	3.27	6.38	3.39

图1 二次铝灰的XRD谱图

图2 不同助剂在不同焙烧温度下对氧化铝溶出率的影响

图3 碱灰质量比对Al2O3溶出率的影响

图4 NaOH和Na2CO3质量比对Al2O3溶出率的影响

图5 NaOH-Na2CO3二元相图

图6 焙烧温度对Al2O3溶出率的影响

图7 焙烧时间对Al2O3溶出率的影响

图8 溶出温度对Al2O3溶出率的影响

图9 溶出时间对Al2O3溶出率的影响

图10 液固比对Al2O3溶出率的影响

图11 焙烧熟料和溶出渣的XRD谱图

图12 焙烧熟料的SEM图像和EDS元素谱图

图13 溶出渣的SEM图像和EDS元素谱图

图14 焙烧过程中不同温度下的吉布斯自由能

图15 TG-DSC曲线

图16 NaOH-Na2CO3混合助剂焙烧铝灰提取Al2O3机理

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NaOH-Na₂CO₃焙烧二次铝灰提取Al₂O₃

Research on the extraction of Al₂O₃ from NaOH-Na₂CO₃ calcined secondary aluminum dross

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