分子筛催化反应过程高效化的技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1274

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以分子筛为活性组分制成的催化剂广泛应用于石油化工领域。设计开发高效能的分子筛催化剂来实现化学反应过程高效化，可为化工企业节能降耗和降本增效提供技术支撑。种类繁多的催化反应对分子筛提出了不同的需求，本文从四个方面综述了开发高效分子筛的技术进展，包括硅铝分子筛酸性活性中心调变和钛硅分子筛Ti活性中心构建的活性中心修饰方案、微孔分子筛内部造介孔和介孔SiO₂包覆分子筛的孔道结构调变方案、制备纳米级颗粒和控制择向性生长的晶体形貌控制方案、创制新结构分子筛的拓扑结构创新方案，探讨了分子筛催化剂的未来发展方向，指出我国仍需在该领域持续加强技术创新，尤其是原始创新，做到产学研深度结合，将先进技术转化为可实际操作的方案，最终服务于生产装置、实现工业应用是提高石油化工技术进步的重点工作。

关键词: 分子筛, 催化剂, 多相反应, 活性中心, 孔道结构, 晶体形貌, 新型结构

Abstract:

Catalysts with zeolite as active component have the advantages of easy recovery, non-corrosion, and environmental friendliness, and thus have been widely used in petrochemical industry. Designing and developing high-performance zeolite catalyst to achieve efficient chemical reaction can provide technical support for energy conservation and consumption reduction in chemical enterprises. The recent technological progress in the development of efficient zeolite was reviewed from four aspects, including active center construction and modification scheme of aluminosilicate and titanosilicalite zeolite, the construction scheme of mesopore structure inside and outside microporous zeolite, the preparation scheme of nanoscale zeolite particles and oriented growth control of zeolite nanocrystal, and topological structure innovation scheme of new structure zeolite. The future development direction of zeolite catalyst was also discussed. And it was pointed out that China still needs to strengthen technological innovation in this field, especially the original innovation, to achieve the deep integration of industry, academia, and research, to transform the advanced technology into practical solutions and the ultimate industrial applications.

Key words: zeolite, catalysts, multiphase reaction, active center, pore structure, crystal morphology, new topological structure

中图分类号:

O643.36

王达锐, 孙洪敏, 王一棪, 唐智谋, 李芮, 范雪研, 杨为民. 分子筛催化反应过程高效化的技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 1-18.

WANG Darui, SUN Hongmin, WANG Yiyan, TANG Zhimou, LI Rui, FAN Xueyan, YANG Weimin. Recent progress in zeolite for efficient catalytic reaction process[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(1): 1-18.

图/表 6

表1 分子筛催化反应过程高效化的技术框架

技术方案	分类
活性中心修饰	硅铝分子筛酸性活性中心调变
活性中心修饰	钛硅分子筛Ti活性中心构建
孔道结构调变	微孔分子筛内部造介孔
孔道结构调变	介孔SiO₂包覆分子筛
晶体形貌控制	制备纳米级颗粒
晶体形貌控制	控制择向性生长
拓扑结构创新	新结构分子筛创制策略

图1 (NH4)2SiF6处理分子筛脱Al补Si机理[29]

图2 3D打印法制备Cu-SSZ-13@SiO2核壳材料机理图[76]

图3 SPP颗粒的电子显微镜图片和成核生长理论示意图[101]

图4 两种新型硅锗分子筛结构图[119-120]

图5 ADOR法合成新结构分子筛材料示意图[133]

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