酸雨环境下填埋飞灰吨袋破损后重金属的溶出行为

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1857

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 4917-4928.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1857

酸雨环境下填埋飞灰吨袋破损后重金属的溶出行为

李卫华¹^,²(), 于倩雯¹, 尹俊权¹, 吴寅凯¹, 孙英杰¹(), 王琰¹, 王华伟¹, 杨玉飞², 龙於洋³, 黄启飞², 葛燕辰¹, 何依洋¹, 赵灵燕¹

^1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院，青岛市固体废物污染控制与资源化工程研究中心，山东青岛 266520
^2.中国环境科学研究院，国家环境保护危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室，北京 100012
^3.浙江工商大学环境科学与工程学院，浙江省固体废物处理与资源化重点实验室，浙江杭州 310012

收稿日期:2022-10-08 修回日期:2022-11-24 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: 孙英杰
作者简介:李卫华（1989—），男，副教授，研究方向为垃圾焚烧飞灰污染控制与资源化。E-mail：liweihua@qut.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52000111);山东省博士后创新项目(202103026);国家环境保护危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室开放基金(2022YSKY-06);山东省高等学校青年创新团队人才引育计划;浙江省固体废物处理与资源化重点实验室开放基金(SWTR-2021-01);青岛市博士后应用研究项目（2020年7月）;山东省大学生创新创业训练项目(S202210429003)

Leaching behavior of heavy metals from broken ton bags filled with fly ash in acid rain environment

LI Weihua¹^,²(), YU Qianwen¹, YIN Junquan¹, WU Yinkai¹, SUN Yingjie¹(), WANG Yan¹, WANG Huawei¹, YANG Yufei², LONG Yuyang³, HUANG Qifei², GE Yanchen¹, HE Yiyang¹, ZHAO Lingyan¹

^1.Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, China
^2.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
^3.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China

Received:2022-10-08 Revised:2022-11-24 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-09-28
Contact: SUN Yingjie

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用“硫酸+硝酸”型浸提剂模拟酸雨，建立稳定化飞灰柱式浸沥实验，研究填埋场飞灰吨袋破损情况下酸雨渗流路径对飞灰中重金属溶出行为的影响。结果表明：6种渗流路径均不同程度促进稳定化飞灰中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr和Ni的溶出。受到重力势能和基质势的双重影响，相比“左上进水-右下出水”的横向渗流路径，“上进水-下出水”的纵向渗流路径更容易促使飞灰中重金属的溶出；“动态冲刷+静态浸泡+动态冲刷”模式下重金属的累计浸出总量更高；“左上进水-右上出水”渗流路径下，浸出液pH变化波动最小，重金属累计浸出量最低，飞灰基质赋存重金属的稳定性最佳。研究结果可为实际填埋场飞灰吨袋破损时极端酸雨环境对填埋稳定化飞灰中重金属溶出行为评价及环境风险管控提供科学依据。

关键词: 飞灰填埋, 吨袋破损, 酸雨, 渗流路径, 重金属溶出

Abstract:

The column leaching experiment of stabilized fly ash was established by simulating acid rain with “sulfuric acid + nitric acid” extractant to study the influence of acid rain seepage path on the leaching behavior of heavy metals in fly ash under the condition of damaged fly ash ton bags in the landfill. The results showed that the six seepage paths all promoted the leaching of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni in stabilized fly ash to varying degrees. Compared with the horizontal seepage path of “upper left inflow-lower right outflow”, the vertical seepage path of “upper inflow - lower outflow” was more likely to promote the leaching of heavy metals in fly ash due to the double influence of gravity potential energy and matrix potential. Under the mode of “dynamic scouring + static soaking + dynamic scouring”, the cumulative leaching amount of heavy metals was higher. Under the seepage path of “upper left inflow-upper right outflow”, the fluctuation of pH of leachate was the smallest, the cumulative leaching amount of heavy metals was the lowest, and the stability of heavy metals in fly ash matrix was the best. The research results could provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the leaching behavior of heavy metals from stabilized fly ash in extreme acid rain environment and the environmental risk management and control when the fly ash ton bag in the actual landfill was damaged.

Key words: fly ash landfill, broken ton bag, acid rain, seepage path, heavy metal leaching

中图分类号:

X705

李卫华, 于倩雯, 尹俊权, 吴寅凯, 孙英杰, 王琰, 王华伟, 杨玉飞, 龙於洋, 黄启飞, 葛燕辰, 何依洋, 赵灵燕. 酸雨环境下填埋飞灰吨袋破损后重金属的溶出行为[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4917-4928.

LI Weihua, YU Qianwen, YIN Junquan, WU Yinkai, SUN Yingjie, WANG Yan, WANG Huawei, YANG Yufei, LONG Yuyang, HUANG Qifei, GE Yanchen, HE Yiyang, ZHAO Lingyan. Leaching behavior of heavy metals from broken ton bags filled with fly ash in acid rain environment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4917-4928.

图/表 10

图1 飞灰吨袋破损情况模拟及酸雨渗流路径实验装置示意图

表1 酸雨渗流路径实验设计分组

实验组编号	A1	A2	B1	B2	A3	B3
渗流路径方式	上进-下出	下进-上出	左上进-右下出	左上进-右上出	浸满后上进-下出	浸满后左上进-右下出
吨袋破损情景	吨袋上方和下方破损：入侵酸雨由上方进入下方流出	吨袋上方和下方破损，渗滤液导排系统堵塞：入侵酸雨由下方渗入上方流出	吨袋左上方和右下方破损：入侵酸雨由左上方进入右下方流出	吨袋左上方和右上方破损（底部未破损）：入侵酸雨由左上方进入右上方流出	初始吨袋上方破损，入侵酸雨从上方流入并累积，随着压力的集聚最终冲破吨袋由下方流出	初始吨袋左上方破损，入侵酸雨从左上方流入并累积，随着压力的集聚最终冲破吨袋由右下方流出

图2 优化的BCR四步提取法

图3 初始稳定化飞灰表面形貌特征及主要矿物组成

图4 不同渗流路径条件下各阶段飞灰浸出液pH和EC变化

图5 不同渗流路径条件下各阶段飞灰浸出液主要元素（Cl、K、Ca、Na）累计浸出量变化

图6 不同渗流路径条件下各阶段飞灰浸出液重金属（Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Ni）累计浸出量变化

图7 不同渗流路径条件下各阶段浸沥后固相飞灰赋存重金属化学形态变化[B1（上）、B3（上）和B1（下）、B3（下）分别为从B1柱和B3柱上方和下方取得的固相样品]

图8 不同渗流路径条件下各阶段浸沥后固相飞灰XRD图谱[B1（上）、B3（上）和B1（下）、B3（下）分别为从B1柱和B3柱上方和下方取得的固相样品]

图9 不同渗流路径条件下各阶段浸沥后固相飞灰表观形貌变化[B1（上）、B3（上）和B1（下）、B3（下）分别为从B1柱和B3柱上方和下方取得的固相样品]

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酸雨环境下填埋飞灰吨袋破损后重金属的溶出行为

Leaching behavior of heavy metals from broken ton bags filled with fly ash in acid rain environment

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