化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 4653-4661.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2432

• 化工过程与装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

惰性气体影响乙烯爆炸极限参数及动力学特性

罗振敏1,2,3(), 刘璐1, 苏彬1, 宋方智1   

  1. 1.西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2.陕西省工业过程安全与应急救援工程技术研究中心,陕西 西安 710054
    3.陕西省煤火灾害防治重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-26 修回日期:2021-12-21 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 罗振敏
  • 作者简介:罗振敏(1976—),女,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为气体与粉尘爆炸防控。E-mail: zmluo@xust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2020TD-021)

Effect of inert gas on ethylene explosion limit parameters and kinetic characteristics

LUO Zhenmin1,2,3(), LIU Lu1, SU Bin1, SONG Fangzhi1   

  1. 1.School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
    2.Shaanxi Provincial Industrial Process Safety and Emergency Rescue Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
    3.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2021-11-26 Revised:2021-12-21 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-09-27
  • Contact: LUO Zhenmin

摘要:

为研究惰性气体对乙烯爆炸极限参数及动力学特性的影响,使用标准可燃气体爆炸极限装置和CHEMKIN软件,对比分析了N2和CO2对乙烯的爆炸极限、临界氧浓度和爆炸三角形的影响,通过模拟得到乙烯爆炸过程中温度、压力、·H、·O、·OH浓度变化,并进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,N2和CO2都使乙烯爆炸极限缩小,爆炸危险度减小,达到爆炸临界点时,N2添加量为60.1%,CO2添加量为43.3%,此时CO2惰化的临界氧浓度为11.1%,N2惰化的临界氧体积分数为7.7%。通过分析爆炸三角形,CO2惰化下的乙烯爆炸区和窒息比相比N2惰化下的明显减小。此外,N2和CO2均使乙烯的点火延迟时间增加,且爆炸后的温度和压力及自由基浓度均有所减小,通过对两种惰化条件下的乙烯爆炸过程中关键自由基变化的敏感性分析,发现R38、R46、R112、R119、R285、R294对·H、·O、·OH的生成起促进作用,R25、R173对·H、·O、·OH的生成起抑制作用,在降低敏感性系数方面,CO2抑制作用大于N2抑制作用,也从一定程度说明CO2的惰化效果优于N2的惰化效果。

关键词: 安全, 乙烯, 氮气, 二氧化碳, 爆炸极限, 动力学, 敏感性分析

Abstract:

To study the effect of inert gases on the explosion limits and chemical kinetics of ethylene, a standard test device was employed to analyze effects of N2 and CO2 on the explosion limit, critical oxygen concentration, and explosion triangle of ethylene. The sensitivity was analyzed after the simulation on the gas explosion include the temperature, pressure, concentration of ·H, ·O, ·OH by CHEMKIN software.The results showed that both N2 and CO2 narrowed the ethylene explosion limit and reduced the explosion hazard, reaching the explosion critical point with 60.1% N2 addition and 43.3% CO2 addition, when the critical oxygen concentration for CO2 inerting was 11.1% and for N2 inerting was 7.7%. By analyzing the explosion triangle, the explosion zone and asphyxiation ratio of ethylene under CO2 inerting were significantly reduced compared with those under N2 inerting. In addition, both N2 and CO2 increased the ignition delay time of ethylene and decreased the temperature and pressure and radical concentration after the explosion, the sensitivity analysis of key radical changes during ethylene explosion under two inert conditions revealed that R38, R46, R112, R119, R285, and R294 promoted the generation of ·H, ·O, ·OH, and R25 and R173 inhibited the generation of ·H, ·O, ·OH. In terms of sensitivity reduction coefficient, the inhibition effect of CO2 was larger than that of N2, which also indicated that the inerting effect of CO2 was better than that of N2 to a certain extent. This can provide some theoretical basis for the safe use of ethylene in petrochemical industry and the prevention and control of explosion accidents.

Key words: safety, ethylene, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, explosion limit, kinetics, sensitivity analysis

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