基于生物炭强化有机固废好氧堆肥资源化的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2129

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

好氧堆肥是实现有机固体废物无害化、稳定化以及资源化的有效手段。近年来，生物炭作为一种堆肥调理剂在优化堆肥环境参数、加速堆肥进程与提升堆肥品质等方面显示出广阔的前景。生物炭具有丰富的多孔结构和巨大的比表面积以及高效的持水能力、阳离子交换能力和吸附能力，这些性质对促进堆肥进程有巨大优势，比如强化微生物群落活性、促进有机物降解与腐殖质形成、减少臭气和温室气体排放、降低重金属和抗生素以及其他污染物的生物有效性等。本文综述了生物炭在不同类型有机废弃物好氧堆肥过程中的作用，总结了基于生物炭的强化手段在堆肥中的应用，并提出了生物炭未来研究的发展方向，旨在从功能材料方面优化好氧堆肥工艺，并为生物炭在好氧堆肥中的应用提供理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 生物炭, 好氧堆肥, 有机固废, 资源化, 强化手段

Abstract:

Aerobic composting is an effective means of rendering organic solid waste harmless, stable and resourceful. In recent years, biochar has shown great promise as a compost conditioner to optimize composting environmental parameters, accelerate the composting process and improve compost quality. Biochar has a rich porous structure and huge specific surface area, strong water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity and adsorption capacity. These properties have great advantages in promoting the composting process, such as promoting the degradation of organic matter and the formation of humus, strengthening the activity of microbial communities, reducing odor and greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing the biological effectiveness of heavy metals, antibiotics, and other pollutions. This paper reviews the role of biochar in the aerobic composting process of different types of organic wastes, summarizes the application of biochar-based enhancements in composting, and proposes future research directions for biochar, aiming to optimize the aerobic composting process in terms of functional materials and provide theoretical basis and data support for the application of biochar in aerobic composting.

Key words: biochar, aerobic composting, organic waste, resource utilization, enhancements

中图分类号:

X705

黄霞, 何莹莹, 张艺蝶, 杨殿海, 戴晓虎, 谢丽. 基于生物炭强化有机固废好氧堆肥资源化的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(8): 4544-4554.

HUANG Xia, HE Yingying, ZHANG Yidie, YANG Dianhai, DAI Xiaohu, XIE Li. Research progress on enhancing resource utilization of organic solid waste aerobic composting based on biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(8): 4544-4554.

图/表 2

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堆肥底物	生物炭原料	投加量	气体排放减少量				参考文献
堆肥底物	生物炭原料	投加量	NH₃	N₂O	CO₂	CH₄	参考文献
鸡粪和锯末	坚果壳、刨花、鸡粪	5%、10%^①	90%	—	56%~111%^②	—	［56］
城市固废	橡树	10%	—	14%	53%	95%	［57］
畜禽粪便	树枝、粪便	10%	—	65%~75%	—	78%~85%	［58］
污泥和麦秸	麦秸	2%~18%	58%~65.2%	95.1%~97.3%	—	92.9%~95.3%	［28］
粪便和麦秸	竹子	2%~10%^①	17.2%~66.7%	35.1%~73.4%	4.9%~13.9%^②	13.1%~73.8%	［59］
猪粪和菌渣	花生壳	6%	22.2%	9.9%	0.56%	78.0%	［60］
羊粪和麦秸	苹果树枝	2.5%~12.5%	40.6%~73.5%	0.65%~2.4%	—	0.53%~1.79%	［61］

堆肥底物	生物炭原料	投加量	气体排放减少量				参考文献
堆肥底物	生物炭原料	投加量	NH₃	N₂O	CO₂	CH₄	参考文献
鸡粪和锯末	坚果壳、刨花、鸡粪	5%、10%^①	90%	—	56%~111%^②	—	［56］
城市固废	橡树	10%	—	14%	53%	95%	［57］
畜禽粪便	树枝、粪便	10%	—	65%~75%	—	78%~85%	［58］
污泥和麦秸	麦秸	2%~18%	58%~65.2%	95.1%~97.3%	—	92.9%~95.3%	［28］
粪便和麦秸	竹子	2%~10%^①	17.2%~66.7%	35.1%~73.4%	4.9%~13.9%^②	13.1%~73.8%	［59］
猪粪和菌渣	花生壳	6%	22.2%	9.9%	0.56%	78.0%	［60］
羊粪和麦秸	苹果树枝	2.5%~12.5%	40.6%~73.5%	0.65%~2.4%	—	0.53%~1.79%	［61］

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