基于测试数据的蔗渣锅炉能量分析及能效提升措施

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1586

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前蔗渣锅炉存在服役年限较长、燃烧不充分、效率低下、燃料浪费严重以及污染物排放高等问题，对其原因分析欠缺大量现场数据。为了解决这一问题，本文对121台蔗渣锅炉进行能效测试，得出锅炉热效率达到标准限定值和目标值的数量分别仅占51.24%和0.83%；热损失最大的排烟热损失达10%，其中所含水分的热损失占到将近1/4；二氧化碳排放量平均值达到131.54kg/GJ。深入分析各影响因素与热效率的关系，得出了主要影响因素为烟气温度、过量空气系数和飞灰含碳量。并针对这些因素提出了能效提升措施。若能效均能达到限定值或目标值，每年的蔗渣消耗量将分别减少157kt或568kt，二氧化碳排放量将分别减少160kt或522kt，其他污染物排放同样会减少，推及到全国的蔗渣锅炉，节能减排潜力更巨大。

关键词: 锅炉, 能量分析, 热效率, 提升, 烟道气, 二氧化碳, 污染

Abstract:

At present, bagasse boiler has many problems, such as long service life, insufficient combustion, low efficiency, serious fuel waste and high pollutant emission. There is a lack of large amount of field test data to analyze the reasons. In order to solve this problem, the energy efficiency of 121 bagasse boilers was tested. The results show that the number of boiler thermal efficiency reaching the standard limit value and target value accounts for only 51.24% and 0.83%, respectively. The heat loss of flue gas is up to 10%, among which the heat loss of moisture accounts for nearly 1/4. The average carbon dioxide emission reaches 131.54kg/GJ. The main influencing factors are flue gas temperature, excess air coefficient and carbon content of fly ash. In view of these factors, measures to improve energy efficiency are proposed. If the energy efficiency can reach the limit value or the target value, the annual bagasse consumption will be reduced by 157kt or 568kt, the carbon dioxide emission will be reduced by 160kt or 522kt, and the emission of other pollutants will also be reduced. When applied to the bagasse boilers nationwide, the energy saving and emission reduction potential will be greater.

Key words: boiler, energy analysis, thermal efficiency, improvement, flue gas, carbon dioxide, pollution

中图分类号:

莫乾赐, 叶海波, 林行素, 李国华, 陈伟崇, 卢苇. 基于测试数据的蔗渣锅炉能量分析及能效提升措施[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(6): 3350-3359.

MO Qianci, YE Haibo, LIN Xingsu, LI Guohua, CHEN Weichong, LU Wei. Energy analysis and energy efficiency improvement strategies of bagasse boiler based on test data[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(6): 3350-3359.

图/表 17

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序号	测点名称	测点位置	获取数据
a	燃料取样	输送燃料皮带	C_ar、H_ar、O_ar、S_ar、N_ar、A_ar、M_ar、Q_net，v，ar
b	锅筒压力	锅筒上	p₂
c	过热蒸汽温度	集汽集箱	t₃
d	过热蒸汽压力	集汽集箱	p₃
e	给水压力	给水管道上	p₄
f	给水温度	给水管道上	t₄
g	给水流量	给水管道上	D₄
h	入炉冷空气温度	一次、二次风机入口	t₄
i	排烟温度	尾部烟道烟气取样点处	t₆
j	烟气成分	尾部烟道烟气取样点处	CO、CO₂、O₂、N₂、SO₂含量
k	飞灰取样	除尘器排灰口	C₇
l	炉表温度	炉膛四周，炉顶外表面	t_b
m	炉渣取样	除渣机出口	C₈

序号	测点名称	测点位置	获取数据
a	燃料取样	输送燃料皮带	C_ar、H_ar、O_ar、S_ar、N_ar、A_ar、M_ar、Q_net，v，ar
b	锅筒压力	锅筒上	p₂
c	过热蒸汽温度	集汽集箱	t₃
d	过热蒸汽压力	集汽集箱	p₃
e	给水压力	给水管道上	p₄
f	给水温度	给水管道上	t₄
g	给水流量	给水管道上	D₄
h	入炉冷空气温度	一次、二次风机入口	t₄
i	排烟温度	尾部烟道烟气取样点处	t₆
j	烟气成分	尾部烟道烟气取样点处	CO、CO₂、O₂、N₂、SO₂含量
k	飞灰取样	除尘器排灰口	C₇
l	炉表温度	炉膛四周，炉顶外表面	t_b
m	炉渣取样	除渣机出口	C₈

项目	C_ar/%	H_ar/%	O_ar/%	S_ar/%	N_ar/%	A_ar/%	M_ar/%	Q_net，v，ar/kJ·kgf^-1
平均值	24.94	3.18	20.95	0.03	0.20	2.15	48.72	7927
范围	21.05～29.89	2.27～4.23	13.44～27.69	0～0.52	0～0.77	0.27～10.5	41.87～55.1	6450～9540

项目	C_ar/%	H_ar/%	O_ar/%	S_ar/%	N_ar/%	A_ar/%	M_ar/%	Q_net，v，ar/kJ·kgf^-1
平均值	24.94	3.18	20.95	0.03	0.20	2.15	48.72	7927
范围	21.05～29.89	2.27～4.23	13.44～27.69	0～0.52	0～0.77	0.27～10.5	41.87～55.1	6450～9540

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