并排塔器的横风向激振特性与非光滑表面减振

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0847

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着化工设备集约化，并排塔器因大幅横风向振动而发生破坏的现象时常发生，然而各塔器间的耦合机制复杂，少有报道。为了解决这一问题，本文应用弹性支撑的刚性截断模型模拟并排塔器的横风向振动，开展了风洞实验，深入分析了并排塔器的横风向激振特性；设计了一种微型翅片，通过调整尺寸参数达到了最佳减振效果。研究结果表明，并排塔器的横风向激振可按照间距比范围分为三种典型振动状态，即单钝体模式、剪切层再附着模式和共同脱涡模式。当间距比S/D<2时，上游塔器在较小的折合流速下即发生驰振，且与下游塔器存在能量转化，在工程中应予以避免。当微型翅片的厚度参数大于0.1D及长度参数大于0.9D时，微型翅片的减振效果最佳，可以防止尾流驰振，使并排塔器的横风向振幅减小78.63%~95.67%。

关键词: 并排塔器, 风致振动, 微型翅片, 减振技术, 流体力学

Abstract:

With the intensification of chemical equipment, parallel towers are often damaged due to large cross-flow vibration. However, the coupling mechanism among parallel towers is complex, which is rarely reported. In order to solve this problem, a rigid truncated model with elastic support was used to simulate the cross-flow vibration of parallel towers, and wind tunnel experiments were carried out to analyze the cross-flow vibration characteristics. The cross-flow displacement of each tower was measured, and the cross-flow vibration characteristics of the parallel towers were analyzed. In addition, a micro fins were designed, and the best vibration reduction effect was achieved by adjusting the size parameters of micro fins. The research showed that the cross-flow vibration characteristics of parallel towers can be divided into three typical regimes according to the range of spacing ratio, which contains "single bluff body" regime, "reattachment" regime and "co-shedding" regime. When spacing ratio S/D<2, the upstream tower will gallop at a smaller reduced velocity, and there will be energy conversion between upstream and downstream towers, which should be avoided in engineering practice. When the thickness parameter of micro fins is greater than 0.1D and the length parameter is greater than 0.9D, the vibration reduction effect of micro fins is the best, which can prevent wake galloping and reduce the cross-flow amplitude of parallel towers by 78.63%—95.67%.

Key words: parallel towers, wind-induced vibration, micro fins, vibration reduction, fluid mechanics

中图分类号:

TU352.11

谭蔚, 王中辰, 樊显涛, 唐博文. 并排塔器的横风向激振特性与非光滑表面减振[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 1750-1758.

TAN Wei, WANG Zhongchen, FAN Xiantao, TANG Bowen. Cross-flow vibration characteristics of parallel towers and non-smooth surface vibration reduction[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 1750-1758.

图/表 13

图1 塔器模型自由振动衰减曲线

图2 塔器模型加速度频域曲线

表1 实验模型模态参数表

质量比

(m^*)

固有频率

(f_n )/Hz

阻尼比（

ζ

）

质量阻尼比（m^*

ζ

）

外径

(D)/mm

高径比（H/D）

壁厚

(δ)/mm

表1 实验模型模态参数表

质量比

(m^*)

固有频率

(f_n )/Hz

阻尼比（

ζ

）

质量阻尼比（m^*

ζ

）

外径

(D)/mm

高径比（H/D）

壁厚

(δ)/mm

284

4.67

0.008

2.272

16.8

表2 微型翅片尺寸参数表

参数

内径

/mm

厚度

/mm

a_A×b_A×c_A

a_B×b_B×c_B

a_C×b_C×c_C

图3 微型翅片结构及安装示意图

图4 实验装置示意图

图5 模型排布与测点位置图

表3 间距比S/D设置

流动模式	间距比范围	间距比取值
单钝体模式	S/D<2	1.3
剪切层再附着模式	2≤S/D<5	2.0，2.5，3.0，3.5，4.0
共同脱涡模式	S/D≥5	5.0，8.0

图6 并排塔器的特征位移时程曲线

图7 各振动模式下，并排塔器的旋涡脱落模式

图8 各间距比下并排塔器的振动响应

图9 不同间距比下，安装微型翅片的并排塔器的振动响应

图10 各实验模型的最大横风向振幅随间距比变化曲线

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