生物质快速热解流化床反应器气力进料特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0848

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同工况下热解流化床反应器的气力进料特性，设计并搭建了流化床反应器气力进料冷态试验装置。生物质原料和床料分别采用落叶松颗粒和石英砂颗粒，通过试验测得了本装置的最小流化速度，研究了流化气速、喷动气速、流量比、初始静床高、石英砂粒径、落叶松粒径对流化床反应器气力进料特性的影响。试验结果表明：流化气速和喷动气速的增加均会提高进料率；流化气使床料流化并为落叶松颗粒提供进料空间，喷动气为落叶松颗粒提供动能，并平衡一部分床层压力；落叶松与石英砂粒径的增加对进料效果不利；流量比在1.9~2.7范围内进料率高且稳定性好。本文构建了生物质、床料与气体的三相流物理及数学模型，开展试验对模型进行验证，结果表明其预测误差为±13%。

关键词: 生物质, 快速热解, 流化床, 气力输送, 模型

Abstract:

In order to achieve a safe, continuous and stable supply of biomass feedstock to the fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor, a cold test apparatus for fluidized bed pneumatic feeding was designed and constructed. Larch and quartz sand were used as raw material and bed material respectively. The minimum fluidization velocity of the apparatus was measured and the effects of fluidized gas velocity, injection gas velocity, flow rate, initial static bed height, bed size and feedstock particle size on the feeding characteristics were studied. Experimental results showed that increasing the fluidized gas velocity and injection gas velocity could increase the feed rate. Fluidized gas provided feed space for biomass particles through fluidization of bed material. Injection gas provided kinetic energy for biomass particles and balanced part of the bed pressure. Increasing the particle size of biomass and bed material was detrimental to the feeding characteristics. Reasonable control of the gas flow ratio could improve the feeding rate and feeding stability. A three-phase flow model of biomass, bed material and gas was constructed to research the relative relationship between different parameters and feed rate. Experiments were carried out to verify the model. Results showed that the derivation error was ±13%.

Key words: biomass, fast pyrolysis, fluidized bed, pneumatic conveying, model

中图分类号:

许瑞阳, 白勇, 司慧, 刘德财, 祁项超. 生物质快速热解流化床反应器气力进料特性[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 1742-1749.

XU Ruiyang, BAI Yong, SI Hui, LIU Decai, QI Xiangchao. Pneumatic feeding characteristics of fluidized bed reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 1742-1749.

图/表 12

图1 流化床气力进料装置示意图1—罗茨风机；2—缓冲罐；3—截止阀；4—球阀；5—转子流量计；6—料仓；7—电动蝶阀；8—进料器；9—电子天平；10—输料管；11—数据处理器；12—流化床反应器；13—U形管压差计

图2 落叶松颗粒

表1 试验材料物理特性

材料	粒度 /目	平均粒径 /mm	堆积密度 /kg·m^-3	颗粒密度 /kg·m^-3
落叶松	16~60	0.715	160.00	525
落叶松-1	16~20	1.031	158.61	525
落叶松-2	20~25	0.836	160.03	525
落叶松-3	25~40	0.627	163.58	525
落叶松-4	40~60	0.372	166.83	525
石英砂	20~200	0.420	1610.00	2580
石英砂-1	20~30	0.736	1601.92	2580
石英砂-2	30~60	0.442	1608.41	2580
石英砂-3	60~120	0.188	1618.72	2580
石英砂-4	120~200	0.103	1631.67	2580

图3 床层压降随流化气速变化曲线

图4 流化气速对进料特性影响

图5 喷动气速对进料特性影响

图6 流量比对进料特性影响

图7 初始静床高对进料特性影响

图8 石英砂粒径对进料特性影响

图9 落叶松粒径对进料特性影响

图10 流化床进料物理模型

图11 进料率测量值和预测值对比结果

参考文献 21

1	高新源, 徐庆, 李占勇, 等. 生物质快速热解装置研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(10): 3032-3041.
	GAO Xinyuan, XU Qing, LI Zhanyong, et al. Progress in the study of biomass fast pyrolysis equipment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(10): 3032-3041.
2	BAI Y, SI H. Experimental study on fluidization, mixing and separation characteristics of binary mixtures of particles in a cold fluidized bed for biomass fast pyrolysis[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing—Process Intensification, 2020, 153: 107936.
3	仉利, 姚宗路, 赵立欣, 等. 生物质热解制备高品质生物油研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 139-150.
	ZHANG Li, YAO Zonglu, ZHAO Lixin, et al. Research progress on preparation of high quality bio-oil by pyrolysis of biomass[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 139-150.
4	张溪, 张立龙, 李瑞, 等. 基于能量集成的秸秆生物质快速热解生命周期评价[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(5): 2792-2800.
	ZHANG Xi, ZHANG Lilong, LI Rui, et al. Life cycle assessment of straw fast pyrolysis based on energy integration[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(5): 2792-2800.
5	BERRUTI F M, BRIENS C L. Novel intermittent solid slug feeder for fast pyrolysis reactors: fundamentals and modeling[J]. Powder Technology, 2013, 247: 95-105.
6	WANG X, SI H. Conveying characteristics of dual pneumatic feeder used for biomass pyrolysis[J]. BioResources, 2017, 12(3): 5970-5983.
7	刘帅. 循环流化床密相区物料扩散及掺混冷态试验[D]. 北京: 中国科学院研究生院（工程热物理研究所）, 2013.
	LIU Shuai. Cold experimental study on diffusion and mixing of feed materials in the dense zone of circulating fluidized beds[D]. Beijing: Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013.
8	李炳顺, 孙运凯, 雍玉梅, 等. 二维循环流化床密相区物料扩散冷态试验与模型建立[J]. 锅炉技术, 2007, 38(2): 28-31, 58.
	LI Bingshun, SUN Yunkai, YONG Yumei, et al. Coal-feeding diffusion cold experiment and model-building in dense phase of two-dimensional circulating fluidized bed[J]. Boiler Technology, 2007, 38(2): 28-31, 58.
9	刘道银, 陈晓平, 唐智, 等. 侧面进料在循环流化床密相区混合特性的试验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2009, 30(3): 529-532.
	LIU Daoyin, CHEN Xiaoping, TANG Zhi, et al. Experimental study on the mixing of particles feeding into the bottom zone of a CFB[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2009, 30(3): 529-532.
10	DRAKE J B, HEINDEL T J. Local time-average gas holdup comparisons in cold flow fluidized beds with side-air injection[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 68(1): 157-165.
11	史亚琪, 李彦君, 杜玉朋, 等. 气-固微型流化床压降特性及最小流化速度的实验研究[J]. 过程工程学报, 2021, 21(4): 420-430.
	SHI Yaqi, LI Yanjun, DU Yupeng, et al. Experimental study on pressure drop characteristics and minimum fluidization velocity of gas-solid micro-fluidized bed[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2021, 21(4): 420-430.
12	LI F, HOUNSLOW M J, LITSTER J D, et al. Fluidized bed: online monitoring of particle temperature using a thermal camera[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2020, 161: 95-102.
13	黄宏继. 鼓泡流化床气固两相流化特性的实验研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2018.
	HUANG Hongji. Experimental study on gas-solid two-phase fluidization characteristics in bubbling fluidized bed[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2018.
14	ESCUDERO D, HEINDEL T J. Bed height and material density effects on fluidized bed hydrodynamics[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2011, 66(16): 3648-3655.
15	HAMEED S, SHARMA A, PAREEK V. Modelling of particle segregation in fluidized beds[J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 353: 202-218.
16	王肖祎, 仲兆平, 王春华. 流化床内生物质石英砂双组分混合流动混沌递归分析[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(3): 813-819.
	WANG Xiaoyi, ZHONG Zhaoping, WANG Chunhua. Chaotic recurrence analysis of two-component flow of mixed biomass particles and quartz sands in fluidized-bed[J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(3): 813-819.
17	WANG S Y, YANG Q, SHAO B L, et al. Numerical simulation of horizontal jet penetration using filtered fluid model in gas-solid fluidized bed[J]. Powder Technology, 2015, 276: 1-9.
18	BAI W, KELLER N K G, HEINDEL T J, et al. Numerical study of mixing and segregation in a biomass fluidized bed[J]. Powder Technology, 2013, 237: 355-366.
19	CLUET B, MAUVIEL G, ROGAUME Y, et al. Segregation of wood particles in a bubbling fluidized bed[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2015, 133: 80-88.
20	CÁCERES-MARTÍNEZ L E, GUÍO-PÉREZ D C, RINCÓN-PRAT S L. Significance of the particle physical properties and the Geldart group in the use of correlations for the prediction of minimum fluidization velocity of biomass-sand binary mixtures[J]. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2021: 1-17.
21	金辉. 气流干燥管内气固两相流动与传热特性的数值模拟研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2010.
	JIN Hui. Numerical simulation study on gas-solid two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics in pneumatic drying pipe[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2010.

[1]	徐晨阳, 都健, 张磊. 基于图神经网络的化学反应优劣评价[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 205-212.
[2]	陈林, 徐培渊, 张晓慧, 陈杰, 徐振军, 陈嘉祥, 密晓光, 冯永昌, 梅德清. 液化天然气绕管式换热器壳侧混合工质流动及传热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4496-4503.
[3]	张帆, 陶少辉, 陈玉石, 项曙光. 基于改进恒热传输模型的精馏模拟初始化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4550-4558.
[4]	张智琛, 朱云峰, 成卫戍, 马守涛, 姜杰, 孙冰, 周子辰, 徐伟. 高压聚乙烯失控分解研究进展：反应机理、引发体系与模型[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 3979-3989.
[5]	王帅晴, 杨思文, 李娜, 孙占英, 安浩然. 元素掺杂生物质炭材料在电化学储能中的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4296-4306.
[6]	吴亚, 赵丹, 方荣苗, 李婧瑶, 常娜娜, 杜春保, 王文珍, 史俊. 用于复杂原油乳液的高效破乳剂开发及应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4398-4413.
[7]	郑梦启, 王成业, 汪炎, 王伟, 袁守军, 胡真虎, 何春华, 王杰, 梅红. 菌藻共生技术在工业废水零排放中的应用与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4424-4431.
[8]	张振, 李丹, 陈辰, 吴菁岚, 应汉杰, 乔浩. 吸附树脂对唾液酸的分离纯化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4153-4158.
[9]	关红玲, 杨辉, 井红权, 刘玉琼, 谷守玉, 王好斌, 侯翠红. 木质素基控释材料及其在药物输送和肥料控释中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3695-3707.
[10]	周磊, 孙晓岩, 陶少辉, 陈玉石, 项曙光. 基于分离因数法的简捷炼油塔模型开发及应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 2819-2827.
[11]	于丁一, 李圆圆, 王晨钰, 纪永升. pH响应性木质素水凝胶的制备及药物控释[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3138-3146.
[12]	赵毅, 杨臻, 张新为, 王刚, 杨旋. 不同裂缝损伤和愈合温度条件下沥青自愈合行为的分子模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3147-3156.
[13]	陆诗建, 张媛媛, 吴文华, 杨菲, 刘玲, 康国俊, 李清方, 陈宏福, 王宁, 王风, 张娟娟. 百万吨级CO₂捕集项目亚硝胺污染物扩散健康风险评估[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3209-3216.
[14]	吴锋振, 刘志炜, 谢文杰, 游雅婷, 赖柔琼, 陈燕丹, 林冠烽, 卢贝丽. 生物质基铁/氮共掺杂多孔炭的制备及其活化过一硫酸盐催化降解罗丹明B[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3292-3301.
[15]	王雪, 徐期勇, 张超. 木质纤维素类生物质水热炭化机理及水热炭应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2536-2545.