高温高压振动工况下喷管密封的密封性能分析及试验

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-0304

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发动机喷管密封处于高温、高压及振动等高参数工况环境下，如设计不当可能导致密封失效，进而影响整个发动机的运行性能和安全性。为研究喷管密封的密封性能，建立喷管密封结构有限元模型，本文分析了介质压力、轴向窜动及径向偏振工况对喷管密封性能的影响，试验测试了喷管密封在动静态工况下的泄漏率。结果表明，主密封C-O形圈的接触区呈现五级阶梯式分布，且结构具有良好的自紧性和稳定的贴合性，可保证其在高压介质下可靠工作；在轴向窜动与径向偏振工况下，主密封C-O形圈仍具有良好的动态追随性能，且径向偏振比轴向窜动更容易造成泄漏，为喷管密封的设计和使用提供了基础；喷管密封在各个高参数工况下泄漏率均小于1mL/s，展现出了良好的密封性能。

关键词: 数值模拟, 实验验证, 密封性能, 振动, 喷管密封

Abstract:

The engine nozzle seal operates under extreme conditions characterized by high temperature, high pressure and vibration working conditions. Improper design may result in seal failure, which influences the operating performance and safety of the entire engine. In order to study the sealing performance of nozzle seal, a finite element model of nozzle seal structure was established. The effects of medium pressure, axial float and radial polarization on the sealing performance of nozzle were analyzed. The leakage rate of nozzle seal under dynamic and static conditions was tested. The results showed that the contact area of the main seal C-O ring presented a five-stage ladder distribution, and the structure had good self-tightening and stable fit, which could ensure reliable operation under high pressure medium. Under the conditions of axial float and radial polarization, the main seal C-O ring still had good dynamic follow-up performance, and the radial polarization was more likely to cause leakage than the axialfloat, which provided the suggest for the design and use of the nozzle seal. The leakage rate of the nozzle seal was less than 1mL/s under various high parameter working conditions, which showed good sealing performance of the nozzle seal.

Key words: numerical simulation, experimental validation, sealing performance, vibration, nozzle seal

中图分类号:

TB42

马润梅, 黄乐乐, 李双喜, 戚志程, 闫欣欣, 赵鑫妮. 高温高压振动工况下喷管密封的密封性能分析及试验[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(S1): 8-18.

MA Runmei, HUANG Lele, LI Shuangxi, QI Zhicheng, YAN Xinxin, ZHAO Xinni. Analysis and experimental study on sealing performance of nozzle seal under high temperature and high pressure vibration conditions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(S1): 8-18.

图/表 24

图1 喷管结构装配示意图

图2 两种间隙通道和泄漏率示意图

图3 广义Maxwell模型的示意图E∞—橡胶完全松弛时的弹性模量，MPa；En —第n个单元的弹性模量，MPa；ηn —第n个单元的黏度，kPa·s

图4 喷管密封仿真分析流程

图5 喷管密封计算模型

表1 工况参数表

参数	数值
压缩率W/%	8
介质压力P/MPa	0~30
操作温度T/℃	200
振动加速度a/m²·s^-1	1g~5g

图6 网格无关性验证

图7 模型网格划分示意图

图8 接触和边界面选取示意图

图9 动态载荷曲线

图10 计算模型验证

图11 橡胶硬度75和介质压力30MPa时喷管密封的接触应力云图

图12 压力对密封性能的影响

图13 主密封不同介质压力与硬度下仿真计算泄漏率

图14 介质压力30MPa和轴向窜动加速度5g时喷管密封的接触应力云图

图15 轴向窜动对密封性能的影响

图16 主密封轴向窜动工况不同介质压力下仿真计算泄漏率

图17 介质压力30MPa、径向偏振加速度5g时喷管密封的接触应力云图

图18 径向偏振对密封性能的影响

图19 主密封径向偏振工况不同介质压力下仿真计算泄漏率

图20 喷管密封试验系统

图21 喷管密封试验装置

图22 喷管组合密封各个密封圈

图23 试验结果

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