不同分子结构表面活性剂复配体系对超稠油乳化降黏影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0887

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 3838-3849.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0887

• 能源加工与技术 • 上一篇

不同分子结构表面活性剂复配体系对超稠油乳化降黏影响

陈阳¹^,²^,³(), 罗进¹^,², 王典林¹^,²(), 杨祖国⁴, 杨鹏⁵, 陈勇⁴, 钟翔⁶, 唐丽⁷

^1.西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院，四川成都 610500
^2.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室，四川成都 610500
^3.乌法国立石油技术大学管道系，俄罗斯巴什科尔托斯坦共和国乌法 450062
^4.中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
^5.中国石油化工集团有限公司，北京 100020
^6.中国石油塔里木油田分公司，新疆库尔勒 841000
^7.中国石油塔里木石化分公司，新疆库尔勒 841000

收稿日期:2024-05-31 修回日期:2024-07-16 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
通讯作者: 王典林
作者简介:陈阳（1991—），女，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为油气管道输送、油田开采。E-mail：doctorchenyang@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52004241);中国石化缝洞型油藏提高采收率重点实验室开放基金(34400000-22-ZC0607-0006);四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1018)

Experimental study on the effect of surfactant complex systems with different molecular structures on emulsification and viscosity reduction of extra-heavy oil

CHEN Yang¹^,²^,³(), LUO Jin¹^,², WANG Dianlin¹^,²(), YANG Zuguo⁴, YANG Peng⁵, CHEN Yong⁴, ZHONG Xiang⁶, TANG Li⁷

^1.College of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Geology and Development Engineering of Oil and Gas Reservoirs, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
^3.Pipeline Transportation Faculty, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa 450062, Bashkortostan, Russia
^4.Northwest Oilfield Branch of China Petroleum & Chemical Co. , Ltd. , Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
^5.China Petroleum and Chemical Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 100020, China
^6.Tarim Oilfield Branch of China National Petroleum Corporation, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
^7.Tarim Petrochemical Branch of China National Petroleum Corporation, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-05-31 Revised:2024-07-16 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04
Contact: WANG Dianlin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了实现塔河油田超稠油高效乳化降黏，本文对8种表面活性剂（阴离子、阳离子、非离子、两性离子）进行筛选复配，构建了一种高效降黏的超稠油降黏体系。通过旋转流变仪在宏观尺度对超稠油进行物性分析，对单一、复配表面活性剂进行降黏效果评价；通过偏光显微镜、扫描冷冻电子显微镜（SEM）在微观尺度对表面活性剂微观形貌、粒径尺寸及交联结构进行了表征，获得了宏观和微观尺度下复配体系乳化性能与稠油降黏性能的关系。实验结果表明：十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）与辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）的复配体系，在质量比1∶1、复配浓度1.0%、油水比3∶7、掺稀比0.5∶1条件下降黏效果最佳，降黏率最高达到98.81%；表面活性剂微观交联网状结构、微观OP-10聚氧乙基长链和SDS硫酸根基团可与超稠油分子充分结合，促进油水界面膜形成，最终乳化超稠油降黏，本文构建的超稠油降黏体系为塔河油田的高效降黏提供了技术支持。

关键词: 超稠油, 乳化降黏, 表面活性剂, 微观形貌, 分子模型

Abstract:

In order to achieve efficient emulsification and viscosity reduction of extra-heavy oil in the Tahe oilfield, it was screened and formulated eight types of surfactants (anionic, cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric), constructing an efficient extra-heavy oil viscosity reduction system. The rotational rheometer was used to analyze the physical properties of extra-heavy oil at the macroscopic scale, evaluating the viscosity reduction effects of single and composite surfactants and their influencing factors. Through polarizing optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) at the microscopic scale, the micro-morphology, particle size and cross-linking structure of the surfactants were characterized, obtaining the relationship between the emulsification performance and viscosity reduction performance of the composite system at macroscopic and microscopic scales. Experimental results showed that the composite system of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) achieved the best viscosity reduction effect with a mass ratio of 1∶1, composite concentration of 1.0%, oil-to-water ratio of 3∶7 and dilution ratio of 0.5∶1, reaching a maximum viscosity reduction rate of 98.81%. The microcosmic cross-linking network structure of surfactants, microscale OP-10 polyoxyethylene long chains and SDS sulfate groups could fully combine with extra heavy oil molecules, promoting the formation of oil-water interface film, ultimately emulsifying and reducing the viscosity of extra heavy oil. The extra-heavy oil viscosity reduction system constructed in this paper provided technical support for efficient viscosity reduction in the Tahe oilfield.

Key words: extra-heavy oil, emulsification viscosity reduction, surfactants, micro-morphology, molecular model

中图分类号:

TE345

陈阳, 罗进, 王典林, 杨祖国, 杨鹏, 陈勇, 钟翔, 唐丽. 不同分子结构表面活性剂复配体系对超稠油乳化降黏影响[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(7): 3838-3849.

CHEN Yang, LUO Jin, WANG Dianlin, YANG Zuguo, YANG Peng, CHEN Yong, ZHONG Xiang, TANG Li. Experimental study on the effect of surfactant complex systems with different molecular structures on emulsification and viscosity reduction of extra-heavy oil[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(7): 3838-3849.

图/表 20

表1 表面活性剂种类

试剂	名称	表面活性剂类型	化学式
LABSA	直链烷基苯磺酸	阴离子	C₁₈H₃₀SO₃
SDS	十二烷基硫酸钠	阴离子	C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na
DTAB	十二烷基三甲基溴化铵	阳离子	C₁₅H₃₄BrN
CTAB	十六烷基三甲基溴化铵	阳离子	C₁₉H₄₂BrN
CAB-35	月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱	两性离子	C₁₉H₃₈N₂O₃
BS-12	十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱	两性离子	C₁₆H₃₃NO₂
OP-10	辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚	非离子	C₈H₁₇C₆H₄O-(CH₂CH₂O)₁₀H
APE-9	烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚	非离子	CH₃(CH₂)₈C₆H₄(OC₂H₄)₉OH

表2 塔河油田地层水离子类型和浓度

离子类型	浓度/mg·L^-1	离子类型	浓度/mg·L^-1
$C l -$	133658	$I -$	10
$S O 4 2 -$	150	$N a +$	71634.37
$B r -$	180	$C a 2 +$	11272.5
$H C O 3 -$	33.84	$M g 2 +$	1161.84

表2 塔河油田地层水离子类型和浓度

离子类型	浓度/mg·L^-1	离子类型	浓度/mg·L^-1
$C l -$	133658	$I -$	10
$S O 4 2 -$	150	$N a +$	71634.37
$B r -$	180	$C a 2 +$	11272.5
$H C O 3 -$	33.84	$M g 2 +$	1161.84

表3 超稠油各组分质量分数

组分	质量分数/%
饱和分	20.55
芳香分	35.17
胶质	20.20
沥青质	24.08

图1 超稠油组分分离实物

图2 超稠油黏温曲线

图3 单一表面活性剂形成稠油乳状液降黏效果（油水比3∶7）

表4 单一表面活性剂对掺稀超稠油降黏率的影响

剪切速率/s^-1	质量分数/%	不同类型表面活性剂降黏率/%
剪切速率/s^-1	质量分数/%	APE-9	SDS	BS-12	CAB-35	OP-10
0.1	0.50	60.76	67.52	63.62	68.19	77.83
1		61.44	79.89	63.91	68.49	78.31
5		61.76	84.32	64.81	69.38	78.65

图4 0.5%复配表面活性剂对稠油O/W型乳状液黏度影响曲线（油水比3∶7，复配质量比1∶1）

图5 不同浓度OP-10/SDS对稠油降黏效果的影响曲线（油水比3∶7）

图6 不同质量分数复配OP-10与SDS稠油乳状液显微照片

图7 油水比对稠油O/W型乳状液黏度的影响

图8 不同油水比下稠油O/W型乳状液微观形貌照片

图9 不同掺稀比下稠油黏温曲线

图10 单一表面活性剂溶液胶束结构

表5 单一表面活性剂稠油乳液黏度

表面活性剂类型	剪切速率/s^-1	黏度/mPa·s
1.0%BS-12	10	4080
1.0%CAB-35		2750
1.0%OP-10		2420
1.0%SDS		1700

图11 复配表面活性剂溶液胶束结构

表6 不同复配表面活性剂稠油乳状液黏度

复配表面活性剂类型	剪切速率/s^-1	黏度/mPa·s
1.0%SDS/CAB-35	10	1600
1.0%SDS/APE-9		1090
1.0%OP-10/BS-12		657
1.0%OP-10/SDS		582

图12 单一表面活性剂分子结构模型

图13 复配表面活性剂分子结构模型

图14 沥青质分子、OP-10/SDS和水分子模型及不同时刻分子动力学模拟结果

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不同分子结构表面活性剂复配体系对超稠油乳化降黏影响

Experimental study on the effect of surfactant complex systems with different molecular structures on emulsification and viscosity reduction of extra-heavy oil

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