绿氢储输过程安全及材料失效机理研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1761

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

加速能源转型和“碳达峰、碳中和”进程逐渐成为全球共识，氢能产业进入快速发展阶段，绿氢已成为开发重点。发展大规模绿氢产业是推动我国能源结构转型和实现“双碳”目标的战略选择之一，当前我国绿氢产业尚处于示范应用和商业模式探索阶段，绿氢储运、基础设施、关键设备及安全等系列问题都有待解决，安全、高效、低成本的氢能储运体系是推动绿氢产业发展的关键。本文通过分析绿氢储输过程的安全风险，聚焦关键临氢设施的材料失效问题，系统阐述了典型氢脆机理，重点总结了隔膜式氢气压缩机膜片、储氢容器、输氢管道、加氢软管等关键临氢设施的材料氢脆失效机理及其研究进展，并提出了相应的风险控制措施，为筑牢大规模绿氢利用安全基础、保障绿氢产业安全高质量发展提供了支撑。

关键词: 氢, 储输, 安全, 氢脆机理, 风险控制

Abstract:

The acceleration of energy transition and carbon peak and carbon neutrality process has gradually become a global consensus, and the hydrogen industry has entered a rapid development stage. Green hydrogen has become the focus of development. At present, China's green hydrogen industry is still in the stage of demonstration application and business model exploration. A series of issues such as green hydrogen storage and transportation, infrastructure, key equipment, and safety remain to be solved. A safe, efficient, and low-cost hydrogen energy storage and transportation system is the key to promoting the development of the green hydrogen industry. This article analyzes the safety risks of green hydrogen storage and transportation, focusing on the material failure problems of key hydrogen-exposed facilities, systematically elaborates on typical hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms, and summarizes the research progress on hydrogen embrittlement failure of key hydrogen-exposed facilities such as hydrogen compressor diaphragms, hydrogen storage containers, hydrogen pipelines, and hydrogen dispenser hoses. It also proposes corresponding risk control measures to provide support for building a solid foundation for large-scale green hydrogen utilization and ensuring the safe and high-quality development of the green hydrogen industry.

Key words: hydrogen, storage and transportation, safety, hydrogen embrittlement mechanism, risk control

中图分类号:

于安峰, 吴倩, 杨哲, 罗云, 王宇辰, 刘欢. 绿氢储输过程安全及材料失效机理研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2972-2983.

YU Anfeng, WU Qian, YANG Zhe, LUO Yun, WANG Yuchen, LIU Huan. Research progress on safety of green hydrogen storage and transportation process and material failure mechanism[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2972-2983.

图/表 6

图1 氢原子与微观结构缺陷相互作用示意图及常用氢脆模型[24]

图2 隔膜式氢气压缩机及三层膜片结构示意图[25]

图3 膜片应力分析图[28]

表1 氢气长输管道材料分类汇总

标准名称	等级
ASTM	A53，A106，A135，A139，A333，A381
API 5L	A，B，X42，X52，X56，X60，X65，X70，X80

图4 氢气在铁表面解离吸附影响因素图[58]

图5 氢脉冲循环测试后的加氢软管损伤示意图

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