硫酸盐还原菌群的构建及其在酸胁迫条件下的响应

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0512

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 2338-2351.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0512

硫酸盐还原菌群的构建及其在酸胁迫条件下的响应

张艳梅¹^,²(), 李江¹^,³(), 袁涛¹^,², 刘亚洁¹^,², 孙占学¹^,²

^1.地下水污染成因与修复江西省重点实验室，江西南昌 330013
^2.东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院，江西南昌 330013
^3.东华理工大学师范学院，江西南昌 330013

收稿日期:2024-03-28 修回日期:2024-11-27 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-05-07
通讯作者: 李江
作者简介:张艳梅（1989—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为污水生化处理。E-mail：450826464@qq.com。
基金资助:
国防科技工业局核设施退役及放射性废物治理科研项目(G20210004);国家自然科学基金(41772266)

Construction of sulfate-reducing bacteria community and its response to acid stress

ZHANG Yanmei¹^,²(), LI Jiang¹^,³(), YUAN Tao¹^,², LIU Yajie¹^,², SUN Zhanxue¹^,²

^1.Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Genesis and Remediation of Groundwater Pollution, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
^2.College of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
^3.Normal College, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China

Received:2024-03-28 Revised:2024-11-27 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-07
Contact: LI Jiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

环境pH降低会影响硫酸盐还原系统的生化性能，因此提升体系在酸胁迫条件下的耐性受到广泛关注。本研究通过构建高效的硫酸盐还原菌群（SRBs），以接种脱硫弧菌的纯菌体系作为对照组，利用菌群体系开展批式试验，研究了不同pH条件对系统微生物生长和硫酸盐还原性能的影响，解析了体系微生物对酸胁迫的生理应答。结果表明，随着pH的降低，纯菌体系的细菌生长和硫酸盐还原反应受到了明显抑制，pH降至5.0后体系细菌存活率不到10%，基本丧失硫酸盐还原功能。相比之下，SRBs体系微生物能够通过提高ATP水解酶（H⁺-ATPase）活性、产生应激蛋白、调节细胞膜脂肪酸组成及分布等途径提高系统抵御酸胁迫能力，在经过7天的生长适应期后逐步实现SO $4 2 -$ 还原，达到30.90%的SO $4 2 -$ 去除率，表现出一定的耐酸优势。进一步采用高通量测序技术分析SRBs体系中微生物群落对pH变化的响应，发现酸胁迫对SRBs体系微生物α多样性的影响并不显著（p>0.05），但改变了系统微生物群落结构组成，其中芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、梭菌属Clostridium等的相对丰度显著升高（分别为26.26%、5.14%），成为了优势菌属。研究结果揭示了弱酸环境中SRBs体系的适应性调控机制，从而为生化系统在低pH条件下的稳定运行提供理论参考。

关键词: 硫酸盐还原, 酸胁迫, 菌群, 响应

Abstract:

The decrease of environmental pH will affect the biochemical performance of sulfate reduction system, thus enhancing the tolerance of the system under acid stress condition has received extensive attention. In this study, an efficient sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) community was constructed. Using the pure culture system inoculated with Desulfovibrio as the control group, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH condition on the microbial growth and sulfate reduction performance of the systems, and to elucidate the physiological responses of the system microorganisms to acid stress. The results showed that the growth of bacteria and sulfate reduction reaction in the pure culture system were significantly inhibited by the decrease of pH. When the pH dropped to 5.0, the bacterial survival rate of the system was less than 10%, and the system lost its sulfate reduction function essentially. In contrast, the microorganisms in the SRBs system could improve the system resistance to acid stress through increasing the activity of ATP hydrolysis enzyme (H⁺-ATPase), producing stress proteins, adjusting the composition and distribution of fatty acids in the cell membrane, etc. After a 7d growth adaptation period, the SRBs system achieved sulfate reduction attaining a SO $4 2 -$ removal rate of 30.90% and showed certain advantages in acid resistance. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the response of the microbial community in the SRBs system to pH changes. It was found that acid stress had no significant effects on the α diversity of the microbial community in the SRBs system (p>0.05), but it altered the composition of the microbial community structure. The relative abundances of Bacillus and Clostridium increased significantly (26.26% and 5.14%, respectively), becoming the dominant bacterial genera. The research results revealed the adaptive regulatory mechanism of the SRBs system in weak acid environments, thereby providing a theoretical reference for the stable operation of biochemical systems under low pH conditions.

Key words: sulfate reduction, acid stress, bacteria community, response

中图分类号:

X172

张艳梅, 李江, 袁涛, 刘亚洁, 孙占学. 硫酸盐还原菌群的构建及其在酸胁迫条件下的响应[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(4): 2338-2351.

ZHANG Yanmei, LI Jiang, YUAN Tao, LIU Yajie, SUN Zhanxue. Construction of sulfate-reducing bacteria community and its response to acid stress[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(4): 2338-2351.

图/表 10

表1 样品采集和采样点布设

北纬28°43′2″

东经115°49'30″

乌沙河

老丰和电排站排污口附近底泥

北纬28°42'25″

东经115°51'16″

新疆某退役采区

某地浸采铀退役采区

9541地层

图1 富集物群落结构及复配菌群硫酸盐去除率

图2 不同pH条件下各体系硫酸盐还原情况

图3 不同pH条件下各体系微生物生长情况

图4 不同pH条件下各体系微生物生理应答

图5 不同pH条件下菌群体系微生物细胞膜脂肪酸组成及分布

表2 SRBs体系不同处理组微生物群落α多样性

处理组	Chao1指数	ACE指数	Simpon指数	Shannon指数	覆盖率
SRBs-CK	93.56±4.78	97.91±4.66	0.16±0.05	2.52±0.04	0.999
SRBs-T2	92.54±11.13	93.66±9.42	0.16±0.03	2.48±0.09	0.999

图6 微生物群落结构及抵抗力和恢复力

表3 酸胁迫条件下不同体系的稳定性

体系稳定性		硫酸盐还原性能（SO $4 2 -$ 浓度）	菌密度（OD₆₀₀）	α多样性（Shannon指数）	关键物种丰度（Desulfovibrio丰度）
Des.-T2	R_S	0.07	-0.91	—	—
Des.-T2	R_L	0.205	43.3	—	—
SRBs-T2	R_S	0.53	-0.88	0.97	0.73
SRBs-T2	R_L	0.22	20.9	0.60	17.85

表3 酸胁迫条件下不同体系的稳定性

体系稳定性		硫酸盐还原性能（SO $4 2 -$ 浓度）	菌密度（OD₆₀₀）	α多样性（Shannon指数）	关键物种丰度（Desulfovibrio丰度）
Des.-T2	R_S	0.07	-0.91	—	—
Des.-T2	R_L	0.205	43.3	—	—
SRBs-T2	R_S	0.53	-0.88	0.97	0.73
SRBs-T2	R_L	0.22	20.9	0.60	17.85

图7 SRBs体系微生物生理应答A—改变细胞膜脂肪酸组成；B—提高H+-ATPase活性（泵出H+）；C—产生诱导蛋白（保护修复）；D—合成环丙烷脂肪酸（抵御胁迫）

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硫酸盐还原菌群的构建及其在酸胁迫条件下的响应

Construction of sulfate-reducing bacteria community and its response to acid stress

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