碳中和目标驱动下生物质燃料技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1217

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在碳中和目标的驱动下，炼化企业必须寻找新的路径，大力开发低碳、零碳的炼化新技术。生物基燃料性能与石油基燃料相近，但其全生命周期碳排放大幅降低，以生物质为原料生产替代燃料的技术，正成为炼油厂实现低碳、零碳发展的重要手段之一。本文综述了由生物质原料制碳氢类燃料（b-Fuels）相关技术的研究进展和发展趋势，主要包括无甘油生成的酯交换技术，控制产物选择性的酯交换技术，生物质油热裂解、催化裂解、加氢裂化技术，以及生物质与石油馏分共炼技术等，同时对未来炼化企业实现碳中和的技术发展路径进行了探讨，以期为炼厂转型发展提供思路借鉴。

关键词: 碳中和, 生物质, 合成燃料, 酯交换, 加氢裂化, 共炼, CO₂利用

Abstract:

Driven by the carbon neutrality goal, refining enterprises must find a new way to develop new low-carbon and zero-carbon refining technologies. The performance of bio-based fuels is similar to that of petroleum-based fuels, but its carbon emissions have been significantly reduced throughout its life cycle. Biomass fuels technology is becoming one of the important means for refineries to achieve low-carbon and zero-carbon development. Based on this, the research progress and development trend of the technologies related to the production of hydrocarbon fuels from biomass (b-Fuels) are reviewed, including the transesterification technology without glycerol generation and the transesterification technology controlling the selectivity of the products, the technologies of biomass pyrolysis, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking, and co-refining technologies of biomass and petroleum fractions. The technological development path of carbon neutrality for future refining and chemical enterprises is also discussed, with a view to the refinery transformation and development.

Key words: carbon neutrality, biomass, synthetic fuels, transesterification, hydrocracking, co-refining, CO₂ utilization

中图分类号:

韩伟, 韩恒文, 程薇, 汤玮健. 碳中和目标驱动下生物质燃料技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2463-2474.

HAN Wei, HAN Hengwen, CHENG Wei, TANG Weijian. Research progress of biomass fuels technology driven by carbon neutrality[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(5): 2463-2474.

图/表 7

参考文献 89

1	Internantional Energy Agency. CO₂ emissions in 2022[R/OL]. .
2	ZACHARY B， CARRIE D. A low-carbon future in the US depends on decarbonizing petroleun refineries[R]. World Resources Institude, 2021-10-21.
3	HEPBURN Cameron, ADLEN Ella, BEDDINGTON John, et al. The technological and economic prospects for CO₂ utilization and removal[J]. Nature, 2019, 575(7781): 87-97.
4	舒玉美，史成香，潘伦，等. 生物基喷气燃料的生产及应用进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工，2021，52（10），88-93.
	SHU Yumei, SHI Chengxiang, PAN Lun, et al. Progress in production and application of biomass-based jet fuel[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2021,52(10):88-93.
5	SWIDERSKI Erwin, STENGEL Benjamin, PINKERT Fabian, et al. Influence of e-fuels on flame structures and combustion processes of large diesel engines[J]. MTZ Worldwide, 2022, 83(5): 54-61.
6	HUNICZ Jacek, MIKULSKI Maciej, SHUKLA Pravesh Chandra, et al. Partially premixed combustion of hydrotreated vegetable oil in a diesel engine: Sensitivity to boost and exhaust gas recirculation[J]. Fuel, 2022, 307: 121910.
7	ESTEVEZ Rafael, Laura AGUADO-DEBLAS, LÓPEZ-TENLLADO Francisco J, et al. Biodiesel is dead: Long life to advanced biofuels—A comprehensive critical review[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(9): 3173.
8	TAN Kok Tat, Gaik Tin ANG. Recent trends and advances in glycerol-free biodiesel production[M]//Advanced Bioprocessing for Alternative Fuels, Biobased Chemicals, and Bioproducts. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2019: 153-164.
9	SAKDASRI Winatta, KOMINTARACHAT Cholada, SAWANGKEAW Ruengwit, et al. A review of supercritical technologies for lipid-based biofuels production: The glycerol-free processes[J]. Engineering Journal, 2021, 25(2): 1-14.
10	VISIOLI Luiz Jardel, TRENTINI Caroline Portilho, DE CASTILHOS Fernanda, et al. Esters production in continuous reactor from macauba pulp oil using methyl acetate in pressurized conditions[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2018, 140: 238-247.
11	DHAWAN Manali S, BARTON Scott Calabrese, YADAV Ganapati D. Interesterification of triglycerides with methyl acetate for the co-production biodiesel and triacetin using hydrotalcite as a heterogenous base catalyst[J]. Catalysis Today, 2021, 375: 101-111.
12	MAHFUD Mahfud, ANSORI Ansori. Box-behnken design for optimization on biodiesel production from palm oil and methyl acetate using ultrasound assisted interesterification method[J]. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 2021, 66(1): 30-42.
13	QUINTANA-GÓMEZ L, LADERO M, CALVO L. Enzymatic production of biodiesel from alperujo oil in supercritical CO₂ [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2021, 171: 105184.
14	RYMS M, LEWANDOWSKI W, JANUSZEWICZ K, et al. Methods of liquid biofuel production—The biodiesel example[J]. Proc. ECOpole, 2013,20(10):112.
15	ESAN Akintomiwa O, OLABEMIWO Ojeyemi M, SMITH Siwaporn M, et al. A concise review on alternative route of biodiesel production via interesterification of different feedstocks[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2021, 45(9): 12614-12637.
16	KHOUNANI Zahra, Homa HOSSEINZADEH-BANDBAFHA, MOUSTAKAS Konstantinos, et al. Environmental life cycle assessment of different biorefinery platforms valorizing olive wastes to biofuel, phosphate salts, natural antioxidant, and an oxygenated fuel additive (triacetin)[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 278: 123916.
17	LENG Lijian, LI Wenyan, LI Hailong, et al. Cold flow properties of biodiesel and the improvement methods: A review[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2020, 34(9): 10364-10383.
18	RAO Venkateswara P. Role of Triacetin additive in the performance of single cylinder DI diesel engine with COME biodiesel[J]. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2018, 5(9): 253-260.
19	ESAN Akintomiwa Olumide, ADEYEMI Ayodele Dorcas, GANESAN Shangeetha. A review on the recent application of dimethyl carbonate in sustainable biodiesel production[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 257: 120561.
20	MEDRANO-GARCÍA J D, JAVALOYES-ANTÓN J, VÁZQUEZ D, et al. Alternative carbon dioxide utilization in dimethyl carbonate synthesis and comparison with current technologies[J]. Journal of CO₂ Utilization, 2021, 45: 101436.
21	DHAWAN Manali S, YADAV Ganapati D. Insight into a catalytic process for simultaneous production of biodiesel and glycerol carbonate from triglycerides[J]. Catalysis Today, 2018, 309: 161-171.
22	PRADHAN Gitanjali, SHARMA Yogesh Chandra. Green synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of bio glycerol with dimethyl carbonate over Mg/ZnO: A highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst[J]. Fuel, 2021, 284: 118966.
23	PANADARE D C, RATHOD V K. Microwave assisted enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with waste cooking oil and dimethyl carbonate[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2016, 133: S518-S524.
24	FAN Pei, WANG Jiayan, XING Shiyou, et al. Synthesis of glycerol-free biodiesel with dimethyl carbonate over sulfonated imidazolium ionic liquid[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2017, 31(4): 4090-4095.
25	AL-SAADI Luma Sh, Valentine C EZE, HARVEY Adam P. Techno-economic analysis of processes for biodiesel production with integrated co-production of higher added value products from glycerol[J]. Biofuels, 2022, 13(4): 489-496.
26	PANCHAL Balaji, ZHU Zheng, QIN Shenjun, et al. The Current state applications of ethyl carbonate with ionic liquid in sustainable biodiesel production: A review[J]. Renewable Energy, 2022, 181: 341-354.
27	LUNA D, BAUTISTA F M, CABALLERO V, et al. Method for producing biodiesel using porcine pancreatic lipase as an enzymatic catalyst: WO2008009772A1[P]. 2008-01-24.
28	LUNA Carlos, SANCHO Enrique, LUNA Diego, et al. Biofuel that keeps glycerol as monoglyceride by 1,3-selective ethanolysis with pig pancreatic lipase covalently immobilized on AlPO₄ support[J]. Energies, 2013, 6(8): 3879-3900.
29	PARYANTO Imam, PRAKOSO Tirto, SUYONO Eko Agus, et al. Determination of the upper limit of monoglyceride content in biodiesel for B30 implementation based on the measurement of the precipitate in a biodiesel-petrodiesel fuel blend (BXX)[J]. Fuel, 2019, 258: 116104.
30	Fevzi YAŞAR. Comparision of fuel properties of biodiesel fuels produced from different oils to determine the most suitable feedstock type[J]. Fuel, 2020, 264: 116817.
31	LUNA Carlos, Victoria GASCÓN-PÉREZ, LÓPEZ-TENLLADO Francisco J, et al. Enzymatic production of ecodiesel by using a commercial lipase CALB, immobilized by physical adsorption on mesoporous organosilica materials[J]. Catalysts, 2021, 11(11): 1350.
32	CALERO Juan, CUMPLIDO Gema, LUNA Diego, et al. Production of a biofuel that keeps the glycerol as a monoglyceride by using supported KF as heterogeneous catalyst[J]. Energies, 2014, 7(6): 3764-3780.
33	CALERO Juan, LUNA Diego, LUNA Carlos, et al. Optimization by response surface methodology of the reaction conditions in 1, 3-selective transesterification of sunflower oil, by using CaO as heterogeneous catalyst[J]. Molecular Catalysis, 2020, 484: 110804.
34	HURTADO Beatriz, POSADILLO Alejandro, LUNA Diego, et al. Synthesis, performance and emission quality assessment of ecodiesel from castor oil in diesel/biofuel/alcohol triple blends in a diesel engine[J]. Catalysts, 2019, 9(1): 40.
35	吴石亮. 生物质基多元醇醚含氧燃料制备及燃烧特性研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2018.
	WU Shiliang. Study on preparation and combustion characteristics of biomass-based polyol ether oxygenated fuel[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2018.
36	OSORIO-GONZÁLEZ Carlos S, Natali GÓMEZ-FALCON, Fabiola SANDOVAL-SALAS, et al. Production of biodiesel from castor oil: A review[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(10): 2467.
37	PACHECO Gonçalo, SILVA André, Mário COSTA. Single-droplet combustion of jet A-1, hydroprocessed vegetable oil, and their blends in a drop-tube furnace[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35(9): 7232-7241.
38	HONGLOI Nitchakul, PRAPAINAINAR Paweena, PRAPAINAINAR Chaiwat. Review of green diesel production from fatty acid deoxygenation over Ni-based catalysts[J]. Molecular Catalysis, 2022, 523: 111696.
39	KHAN Shamshad, NAUSHAD M, IQBAL Jibran, et al. Challenges and perspectives on innovative technologies for biofuel production and sustainable environmental management[J]. Fuel, 2022, 325: 124845.
40	LEE Xin Jiat, Hwai Chyuan ONG, GAN Yong yang, et al. State of art review on conventional and advanced pyrolysis of macroalgae and microalgae for biochar, bio-oil and bio-syngas production[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 210: 112707.
41	HAGHIGHAT Manouchehr, MAJIDIAN Nasrollah, HALLAJISANI Ahmad, et al. Production of bio-oil from sewage sludge: A review on the thermal and catalytic conversion by pyrolysis[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2020, 42: 100870.
42	PANCHASARA Heena, ASHWATH Nanjappa. Effects of pyrolysis bio-oils on fuel atomisation—A review[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(4): 794.
43	CORTEZ Luís, FRANCO Telma Teixeira, Gustavo VALENÇA, et al. Perspective use of fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) in maritime transport: The case of Brazil[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(16): 4779.
44	SHIMADA Iori, KATO Shin, HIRAZAWA Naoki, et al. Deoxygenation of triglycerides by catalytic cracking with enhanced hydrogen transfer activity[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, 56(1): 75-86.
45	ABDULKAREEM-ALSULTAN G, ASIKIN-MIJAN N, MUSTAFA-ALSULTAN G, et al. Efficient deoxygenation of waste cooking oil over Co₃O₄-La₂O₃-doped activated carbon for the production of diesel-like fuel[J]. RSC Advances, 2020, 10(9): 4996-5009.
46	KAMARUZAMAN Muhammad Fadhli, TAUFIQ-YAP Yun Hin, DERAWI Darfizzi. Green diesel production from palm fatty acid distillate over SBA-15-supported nickel, cobalt, and nickel/cobalt catalysts[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2020, 134: 105476.
47	YU Cong, YU Shitao, LI Lu. Upgraded methyl oleate to diesel-like hydrocarbons through selective hydrodeoxygenation over Mo-based catalyst[J]. Fuel, 2022, 308: 122038.
48	BAHARUDIN Khairul Basyar, ABDULLAH Nurulhuda, TAUFIQ-YAP Yun Hin, et al. Renewable diesel via solventless and hydrogen-free catalytic deoxygenation of palm fatty acid distillate[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 274: 122850.
49	PATTANAIK Bhabani Prasanna, MISRA Rahul Dev. Effect of reaction pathway and operating parameters on the deoxygenation of vegetable oils to produce diesel range hydrocarbon fuels: A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 73: 545-557.
50	WANG Wenbo, LUO Zhongyang, LI Simin, et al. Effects of the controllable mesostructure of nano-sized ZSM-5 on the co-cracking of phenolic bio-oil model compounds and ethanol[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2019, 9(13): 3525-3536.
51	KASSA DADA Tewodros, ISLAM Md Anwarul, KUMAR Ravinder, et al. Catalytic co-pyrolysis of ironbark and waste cooking oil using strontium oxide-modified Y-zeolite for high-quality bio-oil production[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 450: 138448.
52	TRIANTAFYLLIDIS Kostas S, ILIOPOULOU Eleni F, ANTONAKOU Eleni V, et al. Hydrothermally stable mesoporous aluminosilicates (MSU-S) assembled from zeolite seeds as catalysts for biomass pyrolysis[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2007, 99(1/2): 132-139.
53	LU Changbo, YAO Jianzhong, LIN Weigang, et al. Study on biomass catalytic pyrolysis for production of bio-gasoline by on-line FTIR[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2007, 18(4): 445-448.
54	李凝, 芦超, 尹跃华, 等. M _x O _y -Al₂O₃复合氧化物在生物质油催化裂化中的催化性能[J]. 材料导报, 2016, 30(8)：76-79.
	LI Ning, LU Chao, YIN Yuehua, et al. Catalytic performances of M _x O_y-Al₂O₃ composite oxides for catalyzed cracking of biomass oil[J]. Materials Review, 2016, 30(8):76-79.
55	ZHANG Xinghua, WANG Tiejun, MA Longlong, et al. Production of cyclohexane from lignin degradation compounds over Ni/ZrO₂-SiO₂ catalysts[J]. Applied Energy, 2013, 112: 533-538.
56	李凝, 卢超, 刘薛恩, 等. ZrO₂负载量对ZrO₂-脱铝沸石在生物质油催化裂化中的性能影响[J]. 化学研究与应用, 2016, 28(10)：1479-1483.
	LI Ning, LU Chao, Liu Xueen, et al. Effect of ZrO₂ loading on the performance of ZrO₂-dealuminated zeolite in catalytic cracking of biomass oil[J]. Chemical Research and Application, 2016, 28(10):1479-1483.
57	JIRAROJ Duangkamon, JIRARATTANAPOCHAI Orhathai, ANUTRASAKDA Wipark, et al. Selective decarboxylation of biobased fatty acids using a Ni-FSM-16 catalyst[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2021, 291: 120050.
58	ASIKIN-MIJAN N, ABDULKAREEM-ALSULTAN G, MASTULI M S, et al. Single-step catalytic deoxygenation-cracking of tung oil to bio-jet fuel over CoW/silica-alumina catalysts[J]. Fuel, 2022, 325: 124917.
59	章国栋. 熔盐裂解油脂制备生物燃料[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2014.
	ZHANG Guodong. Preparation of biofuels by cracking oils in molten salt[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2014.
60	徐建忠. 熔融碱催化裂化小桐子油的试验研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2019.
	XU Jianzhong. Experimental study on catalytic cracking of Jatropha curcas oil with molten alkali[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2019.
61	DOUVARTZIDES Savvas L, CHARISIOU Nikolaos D, PAPAGERIDIS Kyriakos N, et al. Green diesel: Biomass feedstocks, production technologies, catalytic research, fuel properties and performance in compression ignition internal combustion engines[J]. Energies, 2019, 12(5): 809.
62	VERIANSYAH Bambang, HAN Jae Young, KIM Seok Ki, et al. Production of renewable diesel by hydroprocessing of soybean oil: Effect of catalysts[J]. Fuel, 2012, 94: 578-585.
63	Martin HÁJEK, Aleš VÁVRA, DE PAZ CARMONA Héctor, et al. The catalysed transformation of vegetable oils or animal fats to biofuels and bio-lubricants: A review[J]. Catalysts, 2021, 11(9): 1118.
64	DE PAZ CARMONA Héctor, AKHMETZYANOVA Uliana, Zdeněk TIŠLER, et al. Hydrotreating atmospheric gasoil and co-processing with rapeseed oil using supported Ni-Mo and Co-Mo carbide catalysts[J]. Fuel, 2020, 268: 117363.
65	HACHEMI Imane, KUMAR Narendra, Päivi MÄKI-ARVELA, et al. Sulfur-free Ni catalyst for production of green diesel by hydrodeoxygenation[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2017, 347: 205-221.
66	CHEN Jinlei, ZHU Yongfeng, LI Wenbin, et al. Production of diesel-like hydrocarbons via hydrodeoxygenation of palmitic acid over Ni/TS-1 catalyst[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2021, 149: 106081.
67	CABRERA Eduardo, DE SOUSA João M Melo. Use of sustainable fuels in aviation—A review[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(7): 2440.
68	WU Le, WANG Yuqi, ZHENG Lan, et al. Design and optimization of bio-oil co-processing with vacuum gas oil in a refinery[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 195: 620-629.
69	吴乐, 王竞, 王玉琪, 等. 生物质油与蜡油在FCC装置共炼的多目标优化[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(5): 2182-2189.
	WU Le, WANG Jing, WANG Yuqi, et al. Multi-objective optimization of co-processing of bio-oil and vacuum gas oil in FCC[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(5): 2182-2189.
70	Mustafa AL-SABAWI, CHEN Jinwen, Siauw NG. Fluid catalytic cracking of biomass-derived oils and their blends with petroleum feedstocks: A review[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2012, 26(9): 5355-5372.
71	BEZERGIANNI Stella, DAGONIKOU Vasiliki, SKLARI Stella. The suspending role of H₂O and CO on catalytic hydrotreatment of gas-oil; myth or reality?[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2016, 144: 20-26.
72	IMAI Hiroyuki, KIMURA Toshiyuki, TERASAKA Kazusa, et al. Hydroconversion of fatty acid derivative over supported Ni-Mo catalysts under low hydrogen pressure[J]. Catalysis Today, 2018, 303: 185-190.
73	David KUBIČKA, Jan HORÁČEK. Deactivation of HDS catalysts in deoxygenation of vegetable oils[J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2011, 394(1/2): 9-17.
74	H De Paz CARMONA, ALFARO O de la Torre, BRITO ALAYÓN A, et al. Co-processing of straight Run gas oil with used cooking oil and animal fats[J]. Fuel, 2019, 254: 115583.
75	BEZERGIANNI Stella, DIMITRIADIS Athanasios, MELETIDIS Georgios. Effectiveness of CoMo and NiMo catalysts on co-hydroprocessing of heavy atmospheric gas oil-waste cooking oil mixtures[J]. Fuel, 2014, 125: 129-136.
76	Satyarthi JK, CHIRANJEEVI T, Gokak DT, et al. Studies on co-processing of jatropha oil with diesel fraction in hydrodesulfurization[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2014, 118: 180-186.
77	RANA Bharat S, KUMAR Rohit, TIWARI Rashmi, et al. Transportation fuels from co-processing of waste vegetable oil and gas oil mixtures[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2013, 56: 43-52.
78	CHEN Jinwen, FAROOQI Hena, FAIRBRIDGE Craig. Experimental study on co-hydroprocessing canola oil and heavy vacuum gas oil blends[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2013, 27(6): 3306-3315.
79	VLASOVA E N, PORSIN A A, ALEKSANDROV P V, et al. Co-hydroprocessing of straight-run gasoil-rapeseed oil mixture over stacked bed Mo/Al₂O₃+NiMo/Al₂O₃-SAPO-11 catalysts[J]. Fuel, 2021, 285: 119504.
80	DE PAZ CARMONA Héctor, Eliška SVOBODOVÁ, Zdeněk TIŠLER, et al. Hydrotreating of atmospheric gas oil and co-processing with rapeseed oil using sulfur-free PMoC _x /Al₂O₃ catalysts[J]. ACS Omega, 2021, 6(11): 7680-7692.
81	DE PAZ CARMONA Héctor, Jan HORÁČEK, Zdeněk TIŠLER, et al. Sulfur free supported MoC _x and MoN _x catalysts for the hydrotreatment of atmospheric gasoil and its blends with rapeseed oil[J]. Fuel, 2019, 254: 115582.
82	张静瑜, 雷晴宇, 张帅, 等. 生物质油和蜡油在FCC装置共炼过程的碳排放分析和对比[J]. 化学反应工程与工艺, 2021, 37(3)：253-258, 280.
	ZHANG Jingyu, LEI Qingyu, ZHANG Shuai, et al. Carbon emission analysis and comparison of co-processing of bio-oil and vacuum gas oil in FCC[J]. Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, 2021, 37(3):253-258, 280.
83	李阳, 史美荣, 沈若莹, 等. 耦合加氢反应动力学和FCC杂质分配作用的生物质油与蜡油共炼过程的操作优化[J]. 石油学报(石油加工), 2022, 38(1)：199-207.
	LI Yang, SHI Meirong, SHEN Ruoying, et al. Operational optimization for co-processing of bio-oil and vacuum gas oil integrating hydrogenation reaction kinetics and impurity distributions of FCC[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section), 2022, 38(1)：199-207.
84	SOTELO-BOYÁS R, TREJO-ZÁRRAGA F, HERNÁNDEZ-LOYO F D J. Hydroconversion of triglycerides into green liquid fuels[M]//Hydrogenation. 2012: 338.
85	VERDIER S, ALKILDE O F, GABRIELSEN J. Hydroprocessing of renewable feedstocks—Challenges and solutions[EB/OL]. .
86	VÁSQUEZ Maria Cecilia, SILVA Electo Eduardo, CASTILLO Edgar Fernando. Hydrotreatment of vegetable oils: A review of the technologies and its developments for jet biofuel production[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2017, 105: 197-206.
87	中国石化石油化工科学研究院. 国内首套生物喷气燃料加氢装置一次开车成功[J].石油炼制与化工，2022,53（9）：16.
	SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing. The first domestic bio-jet fuel hydrogenation unit has been successfully launched[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2022, 53(9): 16.
88	Kok Siew NG, FAROOQ Danial, YANG Aidong. Global biorenewable development strategies for sustainable aviation fuel production[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 150: 111502.
89	Antonio ARGUELLES-ARGUELLES, AMEZCUA-ALLIERI Myriam Adela, RAMÍREZ-VERDUZCO Luis Felipe. Life cycle assessment of green diesel production by hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2021, 9: 296.

项目	EN14214生物柴油	生物质燃料油
项目	EN14214生物柴油	格列哌醇类	DMC制生物燃料油	生态柴油
反应物	甲醇/乙醇	乙酸甲酯/乙酸乙酯	碳酸二甲酯/二乙酯	甲醇/乙醇
催化剂	NaOH、KOH	酸、碱、酶	碱或酶	酶
产物	FAME/FAEE	甘油三乙酯、FAME/FAEE	脂肪酸甘油碳酸酯	脂肪酸甘油单酯、FAME/FAEE
副产物	甘油	无	无	无
分离清洗过程	非常复杂	无须	无须	无须
设备投资	中等	低	低	低
原料油中游离脂肪酸	转化为皂	转化为b-Fuels	转化为b-Fuels	转化为b-Fuels
催化剂花费	低	低	低	低
环境影响	高（碱、盐污水处理）	低	低	低

项目	EN14214生物柴油	生物质燃料油
项目	EN14214生物柴油	格列哌醇类	DMC制生物燃料油	生态柴油
反应物	甲醇/乙醇	乙酸甲酯/乙酸乙酯	碳酸二甲酯/二乙酯	甲醇/乙醇
催化剂	NaOH、KOH	酸、碱、酶	碱或酶	酶
产物	FAME/FAEE	甘油三乙酯、FAME/FAEE	脂肪酸甘油碳酸酯	脂肪酸甘油单酯、FAME/FAEE
副产物	甘油	无	无	无
分离清洗过程	非常复杂	无须	无须	无须
设备投资	中等	低	低	低
原料油中游离脂肪酸	转化为皂	转化为b-Fuels	转化为b-Fuels	转化为b-Fuels
催化剂花费	低	低	低	低
环境影响	高（碱、盐污水处理）	低	低	低

原料	质量比	催化剂	温度/℃	压力/MPa	空速/h^-1
SGRO/废食用油^[74]	80/20	NiMo/Al₂O₃	350	5.5	2.0
AGO/废煎炸油^[75]	80/20、50/50	NiMo/Al₂O₃	330~370	5.6	1.0
SGRO/麻风树油^[76]	90/10、80/20	CoMo/Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃	300	5.0	—
柴油/废食用油^[77]	75/25	NiW/SiO₂-Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃	340~380	5.0	2.0~4.0
HVGO/菜籽油^[78]	90/10、80/20	NiMo/Al₂O₃	360~395	8.0~10.0	1.0~2.5
SGRO/RSO^[79]	70/30	Mo/Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃-SAPO-11	350~380	4.0~7.0	1.0~1.5

原料	质量比	催化剂	温度/℃	压力/MPa	空速/h^-1
SGRO/废食用油^[74]	80/20	NiMo/Al₂O₃	350	5.5	2.0
AGO/废煎炸油^[75]	80/20、50/50	NiMo/Al₂O₃	330~370	5.6	1.0
SGRO/麻风树油^[76]	90/10、80/20	CoMo/Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃	300	5.0	—
柴油/废食用油^[77]	75/25	NiW/SiO₂-Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃	340~380	5.0	2.0~4.0
HVGO/菜籽油^[78]	90/10、80/20	NiMo/Al₂O₃	360~395	8.0~10.0	1.0~2.5
SGRO/RSO^[79]	70/30	Mo/Al₂O₃、NiMo/Al₂O₃-SAPO-11	350~380	4.0~7.0	1.0~1.5

[1]	杨梦茹, 彭琴, 常玉龙, 邱淑兴, 张溅波, 江霞. 生物炭替代煤粉/焦炭高炉炼铁碳减排技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 490-500.
[2]	舒斌, 陈建宏, 熊健, 吴其荣, 喻江涛, 杨平. 碳中和目标下推动绿色甲醇发展的必要性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4471-4478.
[3]	王帅晴, 杨思文, 李娜, 孙占英, 安浩然. 元素掺杂生物质炭材料在电化学储能中的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4296-4306.
[4]	吴亚, 赵丹, 方荣苗, 李婧瑶, 常娜娜, 杜春保, 王文珍, 史俊. 用于复杂原油乳液的高效破乳剂开发及应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4398-4413.
[5]	郑梦启, 王成业, 汪炎, 王伟, 袁守军, 胡真虎, 何春华, 王杰, 梅红. 菌藻共生技术在工业废水零排放中的应用与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4424-4431.
[6]	关红玲, 杨辉, 井红权, 刘玉琼, 谷守玉, 王好斌, 侯翠红. 木质素基控释材料及其在药物输送和肥料控释中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3695-3707.
[7]	于丁一, 李圆圆, 王晨钰, 纪永升. pH响应性木质素水凝胶的制备及药物控释[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3138-3146.
[8]	吴锋振, 刘志炜, 谢文杰, 游雅婷, 赖柔琼, 陈燕丹, 林冠烽, 卢贝丽. 生物质基铁/氮共掺杂多孔炭的制备及其活化过一硫酸盐催化降解罗丹明B[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3292-3301.
[9]	刘含笑, 吴黎明, 林青阳, 周烨, 罗象, 桂志军, 刘小伟, 单思珂, 朱前林, 陆诗建. 碳足迹评估技术及其在重点工业行业的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2201-2218.
[10]	王雪, 徐期勇, 张超. 木质纤维素类生物质水热炭化机理及水热炭应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2536-2545.
[11]	王志伟, 郭帅华, 吴梦鸽, 陈颜, 赵俊廷, 李辉, 雷廷宙. 生物质与塑料催化共热解技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2655-2665.
[12]	杨自强, 李风海, 郭卫杰, 马名杰, 赵薇. 市政污泥热处理过程中磷迁移转化的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 2081-2090.
[13]	万茂华, 张小红, 安兴业, 龙垠荧, 刘利琴, 管敏, 程正柏, 曹海兵, 刘洪斌. MXene在生物质基储能纳米材料领域中的应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1944-1960.
[14]	刘静, 林琳, 张健, 赵峰. 生物质基炭材料孔径调控及电化学性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1907-1916.
[15]	陈崇明, 曾四鸣, 罗小娜, 宋国升, 韩忠阁, 郁金星, 孙楠楠. 基于超交联聚合物前体的碳载钾基CO₂吸附剂制备和性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1540-1550.