表面活性剂对电渗析减量化工业含盐废水的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0574

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前表面活性剂对电渗析系统影响的研究不够具体。本文考察了表面活性剂类型对电渗析法减量化工业含盐废水的影响。结果表明：以十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵（DDBAC）为典型的阴离子型和阳离子型表面活性剂会对电渗析系统造成抑制效应，通过在膜表面形成污染层，导致膜电阻从4.72 Ω•cm²上升至30.46Ω•cm²和15.23Ω•cm²，从而降低浓缩倍数，相比纯氯化钠体系脱盐率分别下降4.54%和4.75%，通量下降了0.19mol/(m²·h)和0.2mol/(m²·h)，经济性降低，且SDBS和DDBAC的迁移率高达58.55%和90.45%。辛烷基苯酚（OP-10）和硫代甜菜碱（SB-12）为典型的非离子型和两性型表面活性剂，对电渗析系统没有明显的影响。相比纯氯化钠体系，膜电阻、脱盐率和离子通量均保持在同一水平。本实验揭示了表面活性剂对电渗析性能的影响机制，为电渗析法应用于工业含盐废水的减量化奠定了坚实的基础。

关键词: 电渗析, 表面活性剂, 工业含盐废水, 减量化

Abstract:

The studies on the effects of surfactants on electrodialysis systems are limited. The effect of surfactant type on the reduction of industrial saline wastewater by electrodialysis was examined. Anionic and cationic surfactants, typified by sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC), caused an inhibitory effect on the electrodialysis system by forming a contamination layer on the membrane surface. Membrane resistance increased from 4.72Ω•cm² to 30.46Ω•cm² and 15.23Ω•cm². In addition, compared to the pure sodium chloride system, desalination rate decreased 4.54% and 4.75%, and flux of NaCl decreased to 0.19mol/(m²·h) and 0.2mol/(m²·h), respectively. Moreover, transfer rate of SDBS and DDBAC were as high as 58.55% and 90.45%. Octyl phenol (OP-10) and thiobetaine (SB-12), typical non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants, had no significant effect on the electrodialysis system, and the membrane resistance, desalination rate and ion flux remained at the same level compared to the pure NaCl system. The experimental results revealed the influence mechanism of surfactant on electrodialysis performance, and laid the foundation on the wide application of electrodialysis in the field of reduction of industrial saline wastewater.

Key words: electrodialysis, surfactants, industrial saline wastewater, reduction

中图分类号:

X703

赵景超, 谭明. 表面活性剂对电渗析减量化工业含盐废水的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 529-535.

ZHAO Jingchao, TAN Ming. Effect of surfactants on the reduction of industrial saline wastewater by electrodialysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 529-535.

图/表 9

图1 电渗析装置实物图

图2 电渗析装置内部离子迁移示意图

图3 氯化钠浓度与电导率的关系图

图4 不同类型表面活性剂体系下淡化室氯化钠浓度随时间变化图

表1 电渗析实验结束后不同类型表面活性剂体系下的膜面电阻

体系类型	阳膜电阻/Ω•cm²	阴膜电阻/Ω•cm²
实验前	3.41	4.68
纯氯化钠	3.44	4.72
SDBS	3.45	30.46
DDBAC	15.23	4.71
OP-10	3.56	4.78
SB-12	3.53	4.66

图5 不同类型表面活性剂体系下淡化室氯化钠的脱盐率

图6 不同类型表面活性剂体系下淡化室的氯化钠通量

图7 不同类型表面活性剂体系下的表面活性剂迁移率

图8 不同类型表面活性剂体系下的能量消耗和电流效率

参考文献 19

1	ZHAO Xiaolei, JI Xiaonan, QI Xuemeng. Study on characteristic pollutants of wastewater in major wastewater discharge industries in China[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2022: 194-220.
2	赛世杰, 李买军, 党平, 等. 高分离纳滤系统在煤化工高盐废水零排放中的应用[J]. 环境工程, 2021, 39(7): 173-178.
	Shijie SAI, LI Maijun, DANG Ping, et al. Application of high separation nanofiltration process in zero discharge of high salt wastewater from coal chemical industry[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2021, 39(7): 173-178.
3	LIU Zhe, LI Qingquan, ZHENG Honglin, et al. Study on a nanofiltration membrane for high salinity wastewater treatment[J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2022, 48(6): 45-49, 57.
4	ZHAO Dongfeng, XUE Jianliang, LI Shi, et al. Theoretical analyses of thermal and economical aspects of multi-effect distillation desalination dealing with high-salinity wastewater[J]. Desalination, 2011, 273(2/3): 292-298.
5	YAN Junying, WANG Huangying, FU Rong, et al. Ion exchange membranes for acid recovery: Diffusion dialysis (DD) or selective electrodialysis (SED)?[J]. Desalination, 2022, 531: 115690.
6	AHMAD Nor Naimah Rosyadah, Wei lun ANG, LEO Choe Peng, et al. Current advances in membrane technologies for saline wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review[J]. Desalination, 2021, 517: 115170.
7	范金石, 王超, 郝延颖, 等. 表面活性剂废水处理技术浅述[J]. 日用化学工业, 2020, 50(6): 413-418.
	FAN Jinshi, WANG Chao, HAO Yanying, et al. Brief overview of wastewater treatment technologies used for removal of surfactants[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2020, 50(6): 413-418.
8	冯辉霞, 张娟, 张婷. 表面活性剂废水处理技术应用研究进展[J]. 应用化工, 2011, 40(10): 1828-1832.
	FENG Huixia, ZHANG Juan, ZHANG Ting. Research progress on surfactant wastewater treatment technology[J]. Applied Chemical Industry, 2011, 40(10): 1828-1832.
9	苏志俊, 崔耀星, 徐俊辉, 等. 常用表面活性剂在氯化钠硬水溶液中的性能研究[J]. 盐科学与化工, 2022, 51(10): 30-33, 37.
	SU Zhijun, CUI Yaoxing, XU Junhui, et al. Study on the performance of common surfactants in sodium chloride hard aqueous solution[J]. Journal of Salt and Chemical Industry, 2022, 51(10): 30-33, 37.
10	王成勇, 邢耀文, 夏阳超, 等. 离子型表面活性剂对低阶煤润湿性的调控机制[J]. 煤炭学报, 2022, 47(8): 3101-3107.
	WANG Chengyong, XING Yaowen, XIA Yangchao, et al. Regulation mechanism of ionic surfactant on the wettability of low rank coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47(8): 3101-3107.
11	ZHAO Zhijuan, SHI Shaoyuan, CAO Hongbin, et al. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface properties characterization of anion exchange membrane fouled by sodium dodecyl sulfate[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 530: 220-231.
12	ZHANG Yufei, LIU Lei, DU Juan, et al. Fracsis: Ion fractionation and metathesis by a NF-ED integrated system to improve water recovery[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 523: 385-393.
13	YAN Haiyang, WANG Yaoming, WU Liang, et al. Multistage-batch electrodialysis to concentrate high-salinity solutions: Process optimisation, water transport, and energy consumption[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2019, 570/571: 245-257.
14	Anne BERNHEIM-GROSWASSER, ZANA Raoul, TALMON Yeshayahu. Sphere-to-cylinder transition in aqueous micellar solution of a dimeric (gemini) surfactant[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, 104(17): 4005-4009.
15	ZHAO Zhijuan, SHI Shaoyuan, CAO Hongbin, et al. Comparative studies on fouling of homogeneous anion exchange membranes by different structured organics in electrodialysis[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 77: 218-228.
16	贺国旭, 潘自红, 李松田, 等. 硫代甜菜碱12/十二烷基磺酸钠复配体系表面活性的研究[J]. 四川师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 36(4): 626-630.
	HE Guoxu, PAN Zihong, LI Songtian, et al. Study on surface activity of mixed system of sulfobetaine 12 and sodium dodecyl sulfonate[J]. Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Natural Science), 2013, 36(4): 626-630.
17	MA Lingshan, GUTIERREZ Leonardo, VANOPPEN Marjolein, et al. Transport of uncharged organics in ion-exchange membranes: Experimental validation of the solution-diffusion model[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 564: 773-781.
18	PAN Jiefeng, ZHANG Wei, RUAN Huimin, et al. Separation of mixed salts (Cl^-/SO₄ ^2-) by ED based on monovalent anion selective membranes[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(4): 857-862.
19	WANG Man, KUANG Shaoping, WANG Xitong, et al. Transport of amino acids in soy sauce desalination process by electrodialysis[J]. Membranes, 2021, 11(6): 408.

[1]	李世霖, 胡景泽, 王毅霖, 王庆吉, 邵磊. 电渗析分离提取高值组分的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 420-429.
[2]	王谨航, 何勇, 史伶俐, 龙臻, 梁德青. 气体水合物阻聚剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4587-4602.
[3]	杨扬, 孙志高, 李翠敏, 李娟, 黄海峰. 静态条件下表面活性剂OP-13促进HCFC-141b水合物生成[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 2854-2859.
[4]	孙鲁芹, 卢会霞, 王建友. 电渗析/超滤内在耦合过程分离蛋清中溶菌酶[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2262-2271.
[5]	高婷婷, 蒋振, 吴晓毅, 郝婷婷, 马学虎, 温荣福. 微乳液脉动热管应用于锂离子电池的散热性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1167-1177.
[6]	姚稳, 张雨晨, 滕文馨, 黎江玲. 表面活性剂对制备Ca掺杂β-In₂S₃微观结构的影响及其光催化降解甲基橙性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 774-782.
[7]	毕强, 梅毅, 夏举佩. 磷Ⅱ型无水石膏制备及活性联合激发基础研究[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5427-5435.
[8]	邓权龙, 丁厚成, 徐远迪, 蒋仲安, 杨岚, 孙雪霏. 表面活性雾滴联合金属网栅增效除尘[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(1): 546-552.
[9]	宋超, 叶学民, 李春曦. 纳米颗粒与表面活性剂的自组装行为对硅油-水界面性质影响的分子动力学[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 366-375.
[10]	张清清, 毕海普, 舒中俊, 欧红香, 王尚彬, 王钧奇, 潘煜. 泡沫灭火剂中全氟辛烷磺酸类物质的管控行为及替代物研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 340-350.
[11]	张艺夕, 张丰润泽, 桑宇彤, 郑憬希, 刘学敏, 张华, 张鹏. 适合北方冬季施工的清洁压裂液应用现状及思考[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(9): 5003-5010.
[12]	赵亮, 王岩, 王刚, 方向晨, 段晓光, 王少彬. 石蜡@糊化面粉相变微胶囊及其在建材中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2566-2573.
[13]	袁颖, 敬加强, 尹然, 张明, 韩力, 赖天华. 阳离子型表面活性剂与聚合物复配体系协同减阻作用[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2593-2603.
[14]	王进, 陈青柏, 王建友, 李鹏飞, 董林. 压力驱动及电驱动膜法水软化技术研究现状与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2649-2661.
[15]	宋飞, 王君妍, 何林, 隋红, 李鑫钢. 表面活性剂强化重质油矿溶剂萃取残渣中残留溶剂鼓泡分离[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 2007-2014.