吸附式空气取水系统用吸湿材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1651

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吸附式空气取水技术因其适用环境范围广、低碳环保的特性，被认为是解决全球水资源短缺问题的重要技术之一。吸湿材料的特性决定着该技术的取水性能。本文对吸湿材料的最新研究进行了系统的归纳与总结。重点介绍了吸湿性聚合物和复合吸湿剂（多孔材料-盐、聚合物-盐、聚合物-聚合物和多孔材料-聚合物），并对各类吸湿剂的性能特点以及在吸附式空气取水系统的应用展开详细介绍。发现复合吸湿剂的吸湿性能更强，特别是聚合物类复合吸湿剂，满足宽领域吸附的要求，进而提高了在干旱地区的取水效果，在未来具有很好的应用前景。最后，指出了吸湿材料需要进一步研究和解决的相关问题，以期为推进吸附式空气取水技术早日实现从实验室研究到规模化工业应用提供有价值的借鉴和参考。

关键词: 吸湿材料, 空气取水, 吸附, 脱附, 聚合物

Abstract:

Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting is considered as one of the important technologies to solve the global water shortage problem because of its wide applicable environment and low-carbon environmentally friendly characteristics. Freshwater collected from this technology is intimately affected by properties of selected moisture sorbents. This paper summarizes recent research on sorbents. Hygroscopic polymers and composite adsorbents (including porous adsorbents-salt, polymer-salt, polymer-polymer and porous adsorbents-polymer) are focused. Besides, their properties and application in adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting are analyzed. It is found that composite adsorbents (especially polymer based ones) had better adsorption capacities and are able to operate in a wide range of relative humidity, which can improve water harvesting in arid areas and have a vast application prospect. In the end, some valuable references for the developments and practical applications of the adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting technology are provided.

Key words: moisture sorbent, atmospheric water harvesting, adsorption, desorption, polymer

中图分类号:

TU991.1

王胜楠, 陈康, 郑旭. 吸附式空气取水系统用吸湿材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3636-3647.

WANG Shengnan, CHEN Kang, ZHENG Xu. Recent progress of moisture sorbent for adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3636-3647.

图/表 9

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金属-有机骨架化合物	比表面积/m²·g^-1	比孔容/cm³·g^-1	吸附条件/℃，RH/%	吸湿量/g·g^-1	再生温度/℃
Cr-soc-MOF-1^［15］	4549	2.1	20，75	1.95	—
CPO-27（Ni）^［11］	1225.7	0.5	25，90	0.47	110
富马酸铝^［11］	1211.5	0.436	25，90	0.53	70
UiO-66^［28］	1290	0.49	25，90	0.43	—
MOF-801-SC^［28］	690	0.27	25，90	0.28	—
MOF-801-P^［28］	990	0.45	25，90	0.36	—
PIZOF-2^［28］	2080	0.88	25，90	0.68	—
DUT-67^［28］	1560	0.60	25，90	0.50	—
MOF-808^［28］	2060	0.84	25，90	0.59	—
CAU-10^［28］	600	0.26	25，90	0.29	—
Co-MOF-74^［28］	1130	0.49	25，90	0.51	—
Basolite-A300^［28］	1660	0.82	25，90	0.65	—
MIL-101（Cr）^［29］	4150±100	—	30，60	1.5	70
MIL-100（Fe）^［29］	2300±100	—	30，60	0.84	70
MIL-101^［30］	3124	1.56	25，60	1.29	80
MIL-101-NH₂^［30］	2146	1.22	25，60	0.94	80
MIL-101-NO₂^［30］	2509	1.07	25，60	0.93	80
MIL-101-SO₃H^［30］	1920	0.92	25，60	0.68	80
Zn（NDI-H）^［31］	1460	—	20，90	0.47	—
Zn（NDI-NHET）^［31］	1236	—	20，90	0.3	—
Zn（NDI-SET）^［31］	888	—	20，90	0.24	—
H2N-UiO-66^［32］	—	—	25，40	0.046	45~60
HSO₃-UiO-66^［32］	—	—	25，40	0.06	45~60

金属-有机骨架化合物	比表面积/m²·g^-1	比孔容/cm³·g^-1	吸附条件/℃，RH/%	吸湿量/g·g^-1	再生温度/℃
Cr-soc-MOF-1^［15］	4549	2.1	20，75	1.95	—
CPO-27（Ni）^［11］	1225.7	0.5	25，90	0.47	110
富马酸铝^［11］	1211.5	0.436	25，90	0.53	70
UiO-66^［28］	1290	0.49	25，90	0.43	—
MOF-801-SC^［28］	690	0.27	25，90	0.28	—
MOF-801-P^［28］	990	0.45	25，90	0.36	—
PIZOF-2^［28］	2080	0.88	25，90	0.68	—
DUT-67^［28］	1560	0.60	25，90	0.50	—
MOF-808^［28］	2060	0.84	25，90	0.59	—
CAU-10^［28］	600	0.26	25，90	0.29	—
Co-MOF-74^［28］	1130	0.49	25，90	0.51	—
Basolite-A300^［28］	1660	0.82	25，90	0.65	—
MIL-101（Cr）^［29］	4150±100	—	30，60	1.5	70
MIL-100（Fe）^［29］	2300±100	—	30，60	0.84	70
MIL-101^［30］	3124	1.56	25，60	1.29	80
MIL-101-NH₂^［30］	2146	1.22	25，60	0.94	80
MIL-101-NO₂^［30］	2509	1.07	25，60	0.93	80
MIL-101-SO₃H^［30］	1920	0.92	25，60	0.68	80
Zn（NDI-H）^［31］	1460	—	20，90	0.47	—
Zn（NDI-NHET）^［31］	1236	—	20，90	0.3	—
Zn（NDI-SET）^［31］	888	—	20，90	0.24	—
H2N-UiO-66^［32］	—	—	25，40	0.046	45~60
HSO₃-UiO-66^［32］	—	—	25，40	0.06	45~60

分类	多孔基质-盐	比表面积/m²·g^-1	比孔容/cm³·g^-1	吸附条件/℃，RH/%	吸湿量/g·g^-1	再生温度/℃
硅胶-盐	FNG硅胶/LiCl^［38］	—	—	25，35	0.286	80
	SWS-8L^［39］	60	0.24	35，21	0.21	90~95
	硅胶/CaCl₂^［40］	—	—	25，60	0.172	70
	硅胶/LiCl^［40］	—	—	25，60	0.168	70
分子筛-盐	3G-MZ^［45］	276±3	0.16	25，60	0.587	80
分子筛-盐	MCM-41/CaCl₂^［46］	—	—	10~15，78~92	1.75	80
活性炭纤维-盐	ACF/LiCl^［48］	393	0.2	20，70	1.3	—
	ACF/CaCl₂^［49］	75.62	0.04	20，70	1.6	—
	ACF/CaCl₂^［40］	—	—	25，60	0.38（集水量）	90
	ACF/LiCl^［40］	—	—	25，60	0.41（集水量）	90
	ACF/硅溶胶/LiCl^［50］	123.1	0.1	25，90	1.2	77
	HCS/LiCl^［52］	620	—	25，80	2.2	80
双盐	活性炭/CaCl₂/Na₂SiO₃^［55］	82	0.0589	25，—	0.85	55~100
	CS6^［56］	133	0.16	25，80	1.1	—
	硅胶/CaCl₂/MgCl₂^［57］	—	—	—，—	0.43	71.7
	ACF/LiCl/MgSO₄^［53］	—	—	20，70	2.2	80

分类	多孔基质-盐	比表面积/m²·g^-1	比孔容/cm³·g^-1	吸附条件/℃，RH/%	吸湿量/g·g^-1	再生温度/℃
硅胶-盐	FNG硅胶/LiCl^［38］	—	—	25，35	0.286	80
	SWS-8L^［39］	60	0.24	35，21	0.21	90~95
	硅胶/CaCl₂^［40］	—	—	25，60	0.172	70
	硅胶/LiCl^［40］	—	—	25，60	0.168	70
分子筛-盐	3G-MZ^［45］	276±3	0.16	25，60	0.587	80
分子筛-盐	MCM-41/CaCl₂^［46］	—	—	10~15，78~92	1.75	80
活性炭纤维-盐	ACF/LiCl^［48］	393	0.2	20，70	1.3	—
	ACF/CaCl₂^［49］	75.62	0.04	20，70	1.6	—
	ACF/CaCl₂^［40］	—	—	25，60	0.38（集水量）	90
	ACF/LiCl^［40］	—	—	25，60	0.41（集水量）	90
	ACF/硅溶胶/LiCl^［50］	123.1	0.1	25，90	1.2	77
	HCS/LiCl^［52］	620	—	25，80	2.2	80
双盐	活性炭/CaCl₂/Na₂SiO₃^［55］	82	0.0589	25，—	0.85	55~100
	CS6^［56］	133	0.16	25，80	1.1	—
	硅胶/CaCl₂/MgCl₂^［57］	—	—	—，—	0.43	71.7
	ACF/LiCl/MgSO₄^［53］	—	—	20，70	2.2	80

分类	聚合物-盐	比表面积/m²·g^-1	比孔容/cm³·g^-1	吸附条件/℃，RH/%	吸湿量/g·g^-1	再生温度/℃
聚合物电解质-盐	SHC^［58］	4.6±0.08	—	25，99	2.96	80
	PAM/CNT/CaCl₂^［59］	—	—	25，80	1.75	50~75
	Alg-CaCl₂^［60］	—	—	28，26	1	100~150
	Bina/FCNT^［61］	—	—	25，70	5.6	80
	L/FCNT^［61］	—	—	25，70	3.7	80
MOFs-盐	MIL-101（Cr）/CaCl₂^［62］	1876.01	0.99	25，30	0.65	—
	Mn₂Cl₂（BTDD）^［63］	—	—	25，90	0.35	—
	Co₂Cl₂（BTDD）^［63］	1912	—	25，94	0.97	45
	Ni₂Cl₂（BTDD）^［63］	1762	—	25，90	0.75	—
	CaCl₂@UiO-66_38^［12］	约70	—	20，90	1.93	57~100
	CaCl₂@UiO-66_50^［12］	—	—	20，90	2.24	57~100
	CaCl₂@UiO-66_53^［12］	—	—	20，90	2.59	57~100
	LiCl/MIL-101（Cr）_51^［64］	1179	0.69	30，30	0.77	70