柔性可降解压力传感器关键制备材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1839

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前，大多数柔性压力传感器采用不可降解材料制备，导致在使用完成后无法处理，堆积过多成为电子垃圾，给环境带来很大压力。随着科学技术的发展，可降解材料的出现为柔性压力传感器的变革提供了巨大的机会。基于可降解材料制备的柔性压力传感器由于在个人健康管理、医疗监控、环境监测等领域发挥着重要作用，且在减少电子垃圾，缓解环境问题方面具有巨大潜力，已成为当今的研究热点。基于此，本文从柔性可降解压力传感器的关键制备材料出发，将柔性可降解压力传感器分为基于可降解聚合物基底的柔性压力传感器、基于可降解导电材料的柔性压力传感器以及基于聚合基底和导电材料双降解的柔性压力传感器，并对三类柔性可降解压力传感器的国内外研究进展进行了综述。首先，简单介绍了柔性可降解压力传感器关键制备材料的种类及传感器的制备过程；其次，对每种类型传感器的优缺点及应用领域进行了总结；最后，指出了柔性可降解压力传感器目前存在的问题及今后的发展趋势，以期为柔性可降解压力传感器的开发和应用提供参考。

关键词: 可降解, 柔性压力传感器, 聚合物基底, 导电材料, 双降解

Abstract:

At present, most flexible pressure sensors cannot be disposed and become electronic waste after used due to the using of no-degradable materials, which brings great pressure to the environment. With the development of science and technology, the emergence of biodegradable materials provide a huge opportunity for the reform of flexible pressure sensors. Flexible pressure sensors based on biodegradable materials have become a research hotspot because they play an important role in personal health management, medical monitoring, environmental monitoring and other fields, and they have great potential in reducing electronic waste and alleviating environmental problems. Based on this, the flexible degradable pressure sensors are divided into three types according to the key materials in this paper, which are sensors originated from degradable polymer substrates, sensors come from degradable conductive materials, and sensors produced by double degradation of polymer substrates and conductive materials. Moreover, the latest progress of three kinds of flexible degradable pressure sensors at home and abroad are reviewed. Firstly, the types of key materials and the preparation process of the above three sensors are briefly introduced. Secondly, the advantages, disadvantages and application fields of each type of sensor are summarized. Finally, the problems and development trends of flexible degradable pressure sensors are pointed out to provide reference for the development and application of flexible degradable pressure sensors.

Key words: degradable, flexible pressure sensors, polymer substrates, conductive materials, double degradation

中图分类号:

TP212

鲍艳, 郑茜, 郭茹月. 柔性可降解压力传感器关键制备材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3624-3635.

BAO Yan, ZHENG Xi, GUO Ruyue. Recent progress of key materials for flexible degradable pressure sensors[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3624-3635.

图/表 11

参考文献 78

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导电材料	溶解产物	溶解速率/nm·h^-1	影响因素
Mg	Mg(OH)₂	70	温度和pH
Fe	Fe(OH)₂/Fe(OH)₃	—	温度和pH
Zn	Zn(OH)₂	7	温度和pH
Mo	H₂MoO₄	0.3	温度和pH
W	H₂WO₄	1.7	温度和pH
Si	Si(OH)₄	约0.04	晶体结构、温度和pH等
Ge	H₂GeO₃	约0.08	晶体结构、温度和pH等
GBMs	CO₂和H₂O	—	层数、横向尺寸和C/O比

导电材料	溶解产物	溶解速率/nm·h^-1	影响因素
Mg	Mg(OH)₂	70	温度和pH
Fe	Fe(OH)₂/Fe(OH)₃	—	温度和pH
Zn	Zn(OH)₂	7	温度和pH
Mo	H₂MoO₄	0.3	温度和pH
W	H₂WO₄	1.7	温度和pH
Si	Si(OH)₄	约0.04	晶体结构、温度和pH等
Ge	H₂GeO₃	约0.08	晶体结构、温度和pH等
GBMs	CO₂和H₂O	—	层数、横向尺寸和C/O比

序号	降解材料	基本性能	降解速率	应用	参考文献
1	蚕丝	低薄层电阻（10.5Ω?m²）、高透光率（>90%）、优异稳定性（>2200次）和良好的延展性（>60%）	浸入木瓜蛋白酶溶液中24h后，电极降解	可同时检测压力和应变信号，长期监测人体健康状态，如血压	［44］
2	β-Gly/CS	工作范围宽（5~60kPa）、灵敏度高（2.8~2.84mV/kPa）、稳定性好（9000次）	浸泡在PBS缓冲液中几分钟后开始降解	可作为一次性传感器用于体外监测，如监测压缩绷带下的压力	［50］
3	纤维素	宽检测范围（≤40kPa）、灵敏度高（1.7~4.8kPa^-1）、稳定性好（>900次）、快速响应（22ms）	—	检测各种人体生理信号如呼吸、脉搏、语音识别等	［59］
4	蛋白质	宽传感范围（高达39.3kPa）、高灵敏度（298.4kPa^-1）、快速响应（7ms）、透气性好、稳定性好（10000次）	浸泡在NaOH溶液中9天后，降解率达到50%，28天完全降解	监测人体各种生理信号，如脉搏、声音、膝盖弯曲	［64］
5	纤维素和明胶	宽应变范围（0~140%）、高灵敏度（GF=12.5）、稳定性好（3000次）	—	检测人体各种运动，如呼吸、脉搏、手指弯曲等，具有人机界面交互特点	［65］

序号	降解材料	基本性能	降解速率	应用	参考文献
1	蚕丝	低薄层电阻（10.5Ω?m²）、高透光率（>90%）、优异稳定性（>2200次）和良好的延展性（>60%）	浸入木瓜蛋白酶溶液中24h后，电极降解	可同时检测压力和应变信号，长期监测人体健康状态，如血压	［44］
2	β-Gly/CS	工作范围宽（5~60kPa）、灵敏度高（2.8~2.84mV/kPa）、稳定性好（9000次）	浸泡在PBS缓冲液中几分钟后开始降解	可作为一次性传感器用于体外监测，如监测压缩绷带下的压力	［50］
3	纤维素	宽检测范围（≤40kPa）、灵敏度高（1.7~4.8kPa^-1）、稳定性好（>900次）、快速响应（22ms）	—	检测各种人体生理信号如呼吸、脉搏、语音识别等	［59］
4	蛋白质	宽传感范围（高达39.3kPa）、高灵敏度（298.4kPa^-1）、快速响应（7ms）、透气性好、稳定性好（10000次）	浸泡在NaOH溶液中9天后，降解率达到50%，28天完全降解	监测人体各种生理信号，如脉搏、声音、膝盖弯曲	［64］
5	纤维素和明胶	宽应变范围（0~140%）、高灵敏度（GF=12.5）、稳定性好（3000次）	—	检测人体各种运动，如呼吸、脉搏、手指弯曲等，具有人机界面交互特点	［65］

序号	降解材料	基本性能	降解速率	应用	参考文献
1	PGS	灵敏度高（0.09~8.2kPa^-1），检测限低（100Pa），稳定性好（>200000次）、响应时间短（≤20ms）	浸入PBS缓冲液后8周完全降解	可用于人工智能、个性化医疗和康复设备、人体状况监控设备	［69］
2	PLA	灵敏度高、检测限低（10.2Pa）、工作范围宽（<30kPa）、响应时间短（11ms）、功耗低（8~10W）、稳定性好（10000次）	浸入PBS溶液中1天后开始降解，14天降解完成	可用于预测患者的健康状态，且可作为电子皮肤来映射触觉刺激	［68］
3	PVA	高灵敏度度［5.5kPa^-1 （0~30kPa）和1.5kPa^-1（30~250kPa）］、响应时间快（70.4ms）、稳定性高（20000次）	—	临床可穿戴设备和人造电子皮肤	［70］
4	聚丙烯酸（PAA）	高度拉伸（断裂伸长率450%）、响应时间快（20ms）、快速自愈性（0.2s）及良好降解性	室温下浸泡在磷酸PBS缓冲盐溶液中65天降解	检测人体运动，且可无线监测电生理信号，如肌电图和心电图信号	［71］