聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)生产技术现状及其研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0419

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阐述了目前国内外聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)（PBAT）工业生产技术特点和产业化现状，通过对比指出了PBAT与传统塑料在性能、成本等方面尚存差距。系统介绍了现阶段国内外研究人员通过熔体混合、溶剂浇铸和原位聚合三种不同方法，制备可降解材料（聚乳酸、聚乙烯醇、聚碳酸亚丙酯和聚丁二酸丁二醇酯）、纳米材料（纤维素纳米晶体、改性纤维素纳米晶体、海泡石和蒙脱土）以及天然高分子材料（淀粉、乙酰化绿竹纤维和工业木质素）改性PBAT复合材料的研究进展，并对PBAT复合材料的降解原理和降解性能进行了讨论。最后对PBAT未来的研究进行了展望，指出PBAT生产技术的未来研究方向应该向综合性能高、低成本和绿色方向发展。

关键词: 可降解塑料, 聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯), 改性, 降解

Abstract:

This paper reviewed the characteristics of the current industrial production technology and the current industrialization status of PBAT in China and abroad. The remaining gap between PBAT and traditional plastics in terms of performance and cost was pointed out through comparison. In addition, this paper systematically introduced the preparation of degradable materials (PLA, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene carbonate and polybutylene succinate), nanomaterials (cellulose nanocrystals, modified cellulose nanocrystals, seafoam and montmorillonite) and natural polymer materials (starch, acetylated green bamboo fibers and industrial lignin) by three different methods of melt mixing, solvent casting and in situ polymerization. The research progress of modified PBAT composites was discussed, and the degradation principles and degradation properties of PBAT composites were discussed. Finally, the future research of PBAT was prospected, and it was pointed out that the future research direction of PBAT production technology should be developed in the direction of high comprehensive performance, low cost and green.

Key words: degradable plastics, PBAT, modification, degradation

中图分类号:

TQ323.43

付凯妹, 王红秋, 慕彦君, 侯雨璇, 宋倩倩, 王春娇. 聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)生产技术现状及其研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(11): 6173-6180.

FU Kaimei, WANG Hongqiu, MU Yanjun, HOU Yuxuan, SONG Qianqian, WANG Chunjiao. Status and research development of PBAT production technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(11): 6173-6180.

图/表 4

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企业	产品	产能×10⁴/t·a^-1	商品名	技术来源
BASF	PBAT	7.1	Ecoflex	自主研发
Novarnont	PBAT	10	Origo-Bi	收购了美国伊士曼公司Eastar-Bio可降解塑料业务
金发科技	PBSA/PBAT	6	ECOPOND	自主研发，采用聚友化工工艺装置
新疆蓝山屯河	PBS/PBAT/PBSA	13	TUNHE	基于清华大学，后自主优化，采用聚友化工工艺装置
金晖兆隆	PBAT	2	Ecoworld	中科院理化所
杭州鑫富	PBS/PBAT	1.3	Biocosafe	中科院理化所
中国石化仪征化纤	PBAT/PBST/PBSA	3	TA	自主研发，针对现有PBT装置进行改造

企业	产品	产能×10⁴/t·a^-1	商品名	技术来源
BASF	PBAT	7.1	Ecoflex	自主研发
Novarnont	PBAT	10	Origo-Bi	收购了美国伊士曼公司Eastar-Bio可降解塑料业务
金发科技	PBSA/PBAT	6	ECOPOND	自主研发，采用聚友化工工艺装置
新疆蓝山屯河	PBS/PBAT/PBSA	13	TUNHE	基于清华大学，后自主优化，采用聚友化工工艺装置
金晖兆隆	PBAT	2	Ecoworld	中科院理化所
杭州鑫富	PBS/PBAT	1.3	Biocosafe	中科院理化所
中国石化仪征化纤	PBAT/PBST/PBSA	3	TA	自主研发，针对现有PBT装置进行改造

填料	制备方法	提升的性能	研究发表时间/年	参考文献
PLA	熔融混合	屈服应力、模量、相容性	2020	［10］
PLA［聚碳酸亚丙酯聚氨酯（PPCU）、氮化硼（BN）改性］	熔融混合	相容性、导热性能	2020	［11］
PLA（ADR4370F为扩链剂）	—	水气阻隔性	2018	［12］
PVA（增塑改性）	熔融混合	拉伸强度、断裂伸长率	2021	［13］
PPC	熔融混合	热稳定性、结晶能力	2020	［14］
PBS	熔融混合	弹性模量，断裂伸长率	2020	［15］
PGA	熔融混合	耐热性能、力学性能和水气阻隔性	2020	［16］
CNC	原位聚合	杨氏模量提高了26%，拉伸强度提高了27%，断裂伸长率提高了37%，韧性提高了56%	2020	［17］
改性纤维素纳米晶	熔融混合	增加相容性，改善复合材料的力学性能和流变性能	2017	［18］
CNC，十八烷基异氰酸酯官能化	熔融混合	增强的热、流变和机械性能	2019	［19］
4-苯基丁基异氰酸酯改性CNC	溶剂浇铸	弹性模量	2016	［20］
乙酸酐改性CNC	熔融混合	热稳定性和力学性有不同程度的提升	2016	［21］
CNCs并用己二酸官能化	溶液浇铸	结晶度从51%增加到56%，良好分散，储能模量提高	2019	［22］
MMT、SEP和TiO₂	熔融混合	氧气和水蒸气的渗透系数降低，减少紫外线和可见光透射	2020	［23］
MMT	熔融混合	改善了PBAT的热性能	2017	［24］
MMT	熔融混合	较好的热稳定性和力学性能	2015	［25］
黏土纳米颗粒（海泡石、蒙脱土和氟累托石）	熔融混合	弹性模量和硬度，提高聚合物结晶度	2012	［26］
淀粉	熔融混合	拉伸强度显著提高了50%，断裂伸长率提高了18%。增强的机械性能表明相容性得到改善	2020	［27］
淀粉（质量分数0.5%TA改性）	熔融混合	显著改善商业应用的机械、光学和空气阻隔性能	2019	［28］
利用丙三醇和纳米SiO₂首先对淀粉进行改性	熔融混合	良好的机械性能、热稳定性和相容性	2019	［29］
乙酰化绿竹纤维	熔融混合	弹性模量有所提高	2014	［30］
木质素	熔融混合	延展性和机械强度	2020	［31］

填料	制备方法	提升的性能	研究发表时间/年	参考文献
PLA	熔融混合	屈服应力、模量、相容性	2020	［10］
PLA［聚碳酸亚丙酯聚氨酯（PPCU）、氮化硼（BN）改性］	熔融混合	相容性、导热性能	2020	［11］
PLA（ADR4370F为扩链剂）	—	水气阻隔性	2018	［12］
PVA（增塑改性）	熔融混合	拉伸强度、断裂伸长率	2021	［13］
PPC	熔融混合	热稳定性、结晶能力	2020	［14］
PBS	熔融混合	弹性模量，断裂伸长率	2020	［15］
PGA	熔融混合	耐热性能、力学性能和水气阻隔性	2020	［16］
CNC	原位聚合	杨氏模量提高了26%，拉伸强度提高了27%，断裂伸长率提高了37%，韧性提高了56%	2020	［17］
改性纤维素纳米晶	熔融混合	增加相容性，改善复合材料的力学性能和流变性能	2017	［18］
CNC，十八烷基异氰酸酯官能化	熔融混合	增强的热、流变和机械性能	2019	［19］
4-苯基丁基异氰酸酯改性CNC	溶剂浇铸	弹性模量	2016	［20］
乙酸酐改性CNC	熔融混合	热稳定性和力学性有不同程度的提升	2016	［21］
CNCs并用己二酸官能化	溶液浇铸	结晶度从51%增加到56%，良好分散，储能模量提高	2019	［22］
MMT、SEP和TiO₂	熔融混合	氧气和水蒸气的渗透系数降低，减少紫外线和可见光透射	2020	［23］
MMT	熔融混合	改善了PBAT的热性能	2017	［24］
MMT	熔融混合	较好的热稳定性和力学性能	2015	［25］
黏土纳米颗粒（海泡石、蒙脱土和氟累托石）	熔融混合	弹性模量和硬度，提高聚合物结晶度	2012	［26］
淀粉	熔融混合	拉伸强度显著提高了50%，断裂伸长率提高了18%。增强的机械性能表明相容性得到改善	2020	［27］
淀粉（质量分数0.5%TA改性）	熔融混合	显著改善商业应用的机械、光学和空气阻隔性能	2019	［28］
利用丙三醇和纳米SiO₂首先对淀粉进行改性	熔融混合	良好的机械性能、热稳定性和相容性	2019	［29］
乙酰化绿竹纤维	熔融混合	弹性模量有所提高	2014	［30］
木质素	熔融混合	延展性和机械强度	2020	［31］

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