纤维素基水凝胶的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1308

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纤维素是世界上最丰富的天然、可再生以及可生物降解的高分子材料，在化工、材料等领域有广泛的应用。本文主要对近几年来纤维素基水凝胶的研究进展进行了归纳总结。首先，介绍了纤维素基水凝胶的研究背景。其次，列举了纤维素水基凝胶的交联方法，主要有物理交联与化学交联。其中物理交联有氢键交联、疏水性交联、离子交联等，化学交联则是酯化交联、迈克尔加成、自由基共聚合、动态共价键交联等。最后，重点介绍了纤维素基水凝胶在可降解性、生物医学性、亲水性、吸附性、导电性等领域方面的应用。此外，对于纤维素基水凝胶材料在高机械性和产业化制备等方面的发展进行了展望。

关键词: 纤维素, 水凝胶, 物理交联, 化学交联, 功能化

Abstract:

Cellulose is the most abundant natural, renewable and biodegradable polymer in the world, and has a wide range of applications in chemical, material and other fields. This paper mainly summarizes the research progress of cellulose-based hydrogels in recent years. First, the research background of cellulose-based hydrogels is introduced. Secondly, the cross-linking methods of cellulose water-based gels are listed, which are mainly composed of physical cross-linking and chemical cross-linking. Among them, physical crosslinking includes hydrogen bond crosslinking, hydrophobic crosslinking, ionic crosslinking, etc., while chemical crosslinking includes esterification crosslinking, Michael addition, free radical copolymerization, dynamic covalent bond crosslinking, etc. Finally, the applications of cellulose-based hydrogels in the fields of degradability, biomedical properties, hydrophilicity, adsorption, and electrical conductivity are highlighted. In addition, the development of cellulose-based hydrogel materials in terms of high mechanical properties and industrialized preparation is prospected.

Key words: cellulose, hydrogel, physical crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, functionalization

中图分类号:

TQ35

沈娟莉, 付时雨. 纤维素基水凝胶的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(6): 3022-3037.

SHEN Juanli, FU Shiyu. Research progress of cellulose-based hydrogels[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(6): 3022-3037.

图/表 14

图1 纤维素及其衍生物的化学结构[5]

图2 纤维素基水凝胶的交联形式及应用领域

图3 通过自组装Ag9-NCs和CNCs形成各种形式的银纳米团簇/纳米纤维素复合材料的示意图[24]

图4 P(AAm-co-HFBMA)水凝胶结构设计示意图

图5 羧甲基纤维素-乙二醇壳聚糖水凝胶[31]

图6 柠檬酸修饰的纤维素（CAC）与客体单位形成钙离子配合物[p-CD/p-AADA/CAC(z)/Ca2+(m)]原理[49]

图7 合成纤维素基凝胶和微凝胶的典型化学反应[18]

图8 PA-PN-PBA-g-CMC聚合工艺和交联机理[55]

图9 水凝胶照片及反应机理和动态水凝胶网络示意图[57]

图10 从不同的多糖创造功能化水凝胶的概念L—生物官能团，如药物、黏附因子或荧光染料，也可以通过点击反应引入

图11 水凝胶膨胀对土壤孔隙度的影响

表1 制备的各种纤维素水凝胶的不同刺激响应性能以及应用

编号	名称	刺激响应类型	应用	参考文献
1	MC-TPE	热响应性	荧光热传感器	［90］
2	PNIPAM/SA-TOCNF	热敏性和pH敏性	智能传感器	［91］
3	CD/trans-AAP	光响应和离子响应	自修复和控制药物释放	［92］
4	DNA/联吡啶二乙烯	光、氧化还原和化学	驱动器、传感器或机器人	［93］
5	BC-g-PSS	离子响应	给药、组织工程	［94］
6	BC/SA/MWCNTs	pH、电场响应	给药	［95］

表2 各种柔性材料在不同领域中的应用

序号	名称	性能	应用	参考文献
1	XG-PAM/CNF	附着力好，机械强度高，离子吸附能力强	水下报警救援系统	［106］
2	聚吡咯/纤维素混杂水凝胶	电容性能，高比电容、良好的机械强度和柔韧性	电极材料	［107］
3	TOCNF-GN/PAA	机械强度、电导率、自修复优良	机器人，电子皮肤	［108］
4	超长银纳米线复合双网络水凝胶	超拉伸、自愈合和可穿戴性	可穿戴表皮传感器	［109］
5	DCIHs	超拉伸性、高压缩性、优良的防冻性能	柔性电子器件	［110］

图12 聚(AA-co-SMA)/c-CNF/Fe3+纳米复合水凝胶的自修复柔性应变传感原理[101]

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