铁电极辅助餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化及微生物的耐盐机理

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0819

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前餐厨垃圾中的盐度对其厌氧消化产甲烷有不利影响。为了解决这一问题，本研究通过使用铁-碳微生物电解池来强化高温厌氧消化。本文使用零价铁作为微生物电解池的阳极，提高微生物的耐盐能力，增强了阳极的氧化作用，从而促进产甲烷过程。结果表明，铁-碳微生物电解池的累积产甲烷量最高达到了1110.67mL，比对照组提高了68.18%。随着Na⁺浓度的提高，水解酸化过程受到了抑制，而铁-碳微生物电解池促进了微生物降解有机物的过程，并且促进了丙酸和丁酸转化为乙酸的过程。微生物群落结构分析表明，铁-碳微生物电解池促进了Methanomassiliicoccus的生长，在阳极上占比52%。代谢通路分析表明，铁-碳微生物电解池提高了微生物的耐盐能力，促进了水解酸化过程，并且提高了产甲烷过程中乙酸脱羧和二氧化碳还原过程中相关酶的基因丰度，强化高温厌氧消化。

关键词: 电解, 生物膜, 生物能源, 甲烷, 厌氧

Abstract:

The salinity in food waste has an adverse effect on its anaerobic digestion and methane production. In order to solve this problem, the effects of iron-carbon microbial electrolytic cells on the thermophilic anaerobic digestion were studied. Zero-valent iron was used for the anode of the microbial electrolytic cells to improve the salt tolerance of microorganisms and enhance the oxidation of organics, thereby promoting the methane production. The results show that the maximum cumulative methane yield of the iron-carbon microbial electrolytic cells reaches 1110.67mL, which increases 68.18% compared to the control group. With the increase of Na⁺ concentration, the hydrolysis and acidification process is inhibited, and the iron-carbon microbial electrolytic cells promote the process of microbial degradation of organics and the process of converting propionic acid and butyric acid into acetic acid. From the microbiological analysis,the abundance of Methanomassiliicoccus in the iron-carbon microbial electrolytic cells group is enhanced, accounting for 52% of the anode. Metabolic pathway analysis shows that the iron-carbon microbial electrolytic cells improve the salt tolerance of microorganisms, promote the hydrolysis and acidification process and increase the gene abundance of enzymes in the process of acetic acid decarboxylation and CO₂ reduction in the process of methanogenesis. Iron-carbon microbial electrolytic cells are beneficial to the anaerobic digestion of food waste.

Key words: electrolysis, biofilm, bioenergy, methane, anaerobic

中图分类号:

曲艺源, 张景新, 何义亮. 铁电极辅助餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化及微生物的耐盐机理[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(4): 2060-2067.

QU Yiyuan, ZHANG Jingxin, HE Yiliang. Iron electrode assisted thermophilic anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste and microbial salt tolerance mechanism[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(4): 2060-2067.

图/表 8

参考文献 27

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材料	TS/%	VS/%	C/%	N/%	H/%	S/%	C/N	Fe/mg·L^-1
餐厨垃圾	25.46	24.09	48.69	2.91	7.11	0.22	16.73	—
接种污泥	5.9	5.7	45.87	9.98	7.04	1.01	4.59	0.07

材料	TS/%	VS/%	C/%	N/%	H/%	S/%	C/N	Fe/mg·L^-1
餐厨垃圾	25.46	24.09	48.69	2.91	7.11	0.22	16.73	—
接种污泥	5.9	5.7	45.87	9.98	7.04	1.01	4.59	0.07

功能级别	功能预测	绝对丰度
功能级别	功能预测	HFCE	HFCS	HC
细胞过程	细胞生长与死亡	157867	161245	136762
细胞过程	运输和分解代谢	81013	66802	54288
环境信息处理	跨膜运输	4194643	4204212	3389308
代谢	氨基酸代谢	3317868	2973463	2464962
	碳水化合物代谢	3605382	3344442	2742692
	能量代谢	2438848	2064452	1773545
	多糖的生物合成和代谢	765957	641126	540513
	脂类代谢	984766	963698	767746
	辅酶及维生素的代谢	1435909	1312539	1111371
三级功能分类	甲烷代谢；Ko02024	768776	537022	486743
	蛋白激酶	109789	101262	84753
	氧化磷酸化；Ko00190	491036	458464	376250
	甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢；Ko00260	240707	242947	200962

功能级别	功能预测	绝对丰度
功能级别	功能预测	HFCE	HFCS	HC
细胞过程	细胞生长与死亡	157867	161245	136762
细胞过程	运输和分解代谢	81013	66802	54288
环境信息处理	跨膜运输	4194643	4204212	3389308
代谢	氨基酸代谢	3317868	2973463	2464962
	碳水化合物代谢	3605382	3344442	2742692
	能量代谢	2438848	2064452	1773545
	多糖的生物合成和代谢	765957	641126	540513
	脂类代谢	984766	963698	767746
	辅酶及维生素的代谢	1435909	1312539	1111371
三级功能分类	甲烷代谢；Ko02024	768776	537022	486743
	蛋白激酶	109789	101262	84753
	氧化磷酸化；Ko00190	491036	458464	376250
	甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢；Ko00260	240707	242947	200962

功能模型	KEGG 编号	描述	绝对丰度
功能模型	KEGG 编号	描述	HFCE	HFCS	HC
M00567，利用H₂和CO₂产甲烷路径	K01499	mch； methenyl tetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase	3442	2915	2133
	K00319	mtd； methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase	1193	366	564
	K00320	mer；coenzyme F420-dependent N5，N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase	5122	5233	3024
M00357，利用乙酸产甲烷路径	K00925	ackA；acetate kinase	3501	7299	6548
M00357，利用乙酸产甲烷路径	K01895	acs； acetyl-CoA synthetase	22727	15127	12526
M00356，利用甲醇产甲烷路径	K14080	mtaA；［methyl-Co（III） methanol-specific corrinoid protein］：coenzyme M methyltransferase	680	8	13
	K04480	mtaB； methanol-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Comethyltransferase	679	11	10
	K14081	mtaC； methanol corrinoid protein	680	14	12
M00563，利用甲酸等甲基类化合物产甲烷路径	K14083	mttB； trimethylamine corrinoid protein Comethyltransferase	4077	5858	3486