质子交换膜燃料电池仿真模型研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2604

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

质子交换膜燃料电池具有高效清洁等优势，是一种潜力巨大的绿色能源技术。数学模型作为一种合理可靠的工具，通过模拟电池内部的电化学传热传质过程，研究运行参数和结构参数对电池性能和寿命的影响，可以指导电池的优化设计。本文综述了近年来燃料电池催化层、气体扩散层和流道的研究模型，整理了各部件建模的影响因素和优化方法，以期对燃料电池建模以及电池各部件的优化设计起到参考作用。文中指出，考虑到现在仿真存在的局限性，未来主要研究方向为燃料电池系统研究与机理模型的结合、催化层微观结构的建模、非贵金属催化剂建模、气体扩散层衰减模型研究、大面积流道模型、三维模型温度分布研究以及全尺寸质子交换膜燃料电池模型的开发。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 模型, 催化层, 气体扩散层, 流场

Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a green energy technology with great potential due to its advantages of high efficiency and zero emission. As a reasonable and reliable tool, mathematical models can guide the optimal design of PEMFC by simulating the electrochemical heat and mass transfer process inside PEMFC and study the influence of operating parameters and structural parameters on the performance and lifespan of PEMFC. In this paper, the research models of the PEMFC catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer and flow channel in recent years are reviewed, and the influencing factors and optimization methods of each component modeling are sorted out, which can provide a guideline for the modeling and optimal design of PEMFC. Considering the limitations of the current simulations, the main research directions in the future are the combination of the PEMFC system research and mechanism model, the modeling of catalytic layer microstructure, non-precious metal catalyst, gas diffusion layer degradation, large-area flow channel, and 3D temperature distribution, and the full-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell model development.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, modeling, catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer, flow field

中图分类号:

TK91

李政翰, 涂正凯. 质子交换膜燃料电池仿真模型研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(10): 5272-5296.

LI Zhenghan, TU Zhengkai. Research progress of simulation models of proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(10): 5272-5296.

图/表 40

图1 Randles模型[26]

图2 燃料电池的Larminie-Dicks等效电路模型[27]

图3 ATLAM等效电路模型[29]

图4 催化层等效电路模型

图5 催化层三相反应界面示意图[38]

图6 团聚体示意图[43]

图7 阴极催化层氧气传输阻力示意图[17]

表1 Pt分布策略

作者	Pt分布策略	效果
Havaej等^［48］	1.3-0.6x	性能提升3.1%
	(1.3-0.6x)(-5.944y²+5.944y+0.001)	性能提升8%
Ebrahimi等^［49］	1.53x⁵-14.09x⁴-4.69x³+ 10.31x²-2.7731x+0.34	性能提升7％
Sabzpoushan等^［51］	h(x)=1-t×(2x-L)/L (L为流道长度)	t=-0.2时性能提升1.8%

图8 两层梯度分布催化层设计图[53]

图9 三层梯度分布催化层设计图[54]

图10 垂直于催化层方向（TP）离聚物梯度分布[68]

图11 平行于催化层方向（IP）离聚物梯度分布[68]

图12 催化层的主孔隙和次级孔隙[65]

图13 静态接触角与滚动角和动态接触角[86]

图14 孔隙率沿气体扩散层厚度分布[91]

图15 孔隙率沿气体扩散层平面分布[93]

图16 液态水传输示意图[102]

图17 射孔气体扩散层结构[104]

图18 椭圆沟槽示意图[107]

图19 电池温度变化曲线[114]

图20 不同流场和肋宽比PEMFC的极化曲线[118]

图21 600mA/cm2电流密度下不同肋宽比PEMFC的性能[119]

图22 不同长宽比PEMFC的电流密度分布[120]

图23 不同进出口流场设计[121]

图24 Mirai三维流场设计[95]

图25 基于场协同原理的三维流场优化设计[128]

表2 不同流场的温度不均匀指数和最大温差[130]

流场	温度不均匀指数	最大温差/K
平行流场	9.02	11.70
波浪形流场	8.87	11.53
三维流场	27.32	24.63

图26 波浪形流道设计[132]

图27 直线式和交错式挡板设置[105]

图28 楔形挡板[137]

图29 梯形挡板[139]

图30 平行流场和收缩发散流场对比[142]

图31 锥形流场[143]

图32 波浪形蛇形流道示意图[144]

图33 流道凹陷设计[145]

图34 常规流场和之字形流场对比[146]

图35 正弦流场[148]

图36 螺旋流场[149]

图37 蜂窝仿生流道[150]

图38 具有子通道的PEMFC示意图[152]

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