金属有机骨架材料用于吸附分离CH4和N2的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0673

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非常规天然气的利用不仅可以有效缓解常规天然气不足带来的能源问题，而且可以降低其肆意排放带来的温室效应，无论是低浓度煤层气的提浓还是低品质天然气的提质都需要解决甲烷与氮气的分离难题。基于金属有机骨架（MOFs）材料结构和功能均呈多样化的特色，本文主要从CH₄选择型MOFs吸附材料和N₂选择型MOFs吸附材料两个方面，综述了近年来MOFs材料在CH₄与N₂吸附分离方面的研究进展，讨论了影响二者分离的影响因素，并对吸附与分离机理与MOFs结构和性能关联进行了详细的总结与分析，提出了CH₄与N₂选择性提升的方法，即需要合适的孔道尺寸与弱极性表面性质或有利骨架结构的协同作用，最后展望了MOFs材料在甲烷富集和纯化领域的应用前景和发展趋势。

关键词: 金属有机骨架材料, 吸附分离, 煤层气, 天然气, 甲烷, 氮气

Abstract:

The development and utilization of unconventional natural gas can effectively alleviate the energy problems caused by the shortage of conventional natural gas and reduce the greenhouse effect caused by the wanton emissions of it. Whether the enrichment of low-concentration coalbed methane or the upgrading of low-quality natural gas, the separation of CH₄ and N₂ needs to be resolved. The adsorption and separation of methane and nitrogen is extremely challenging because of very similar kinetic diameters of them. As the new type porous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) aroused widespread concern due to their diversified structures and functions. This paper mainly reviewed the research progress of MOFs materials in the adsorption and separation of CH₄ and N₂ from the CH₄ and N₂ selective MOFs adsorption materials in recent years. The factors affecting the separation of methane and nitrogen were discussed. The relationship between the adsorption and separation mechanism and the structure and performance of MOFs was summarized and analyzed in detail. A method to improve the selectivity of CH₄ and N₂ was proposed, which required the synergy of appropriate pore size and weak polar surface properties or favorable framework structure. Finally, the application prospects and development trends of MOFs in the field of methane enrichment and purification were prospected.

Key words: metal-organic frameworks, adsorptive separation, coal-bed methane, natural gas, methane, nitrogen

中图分类号:

TQ028.1

马蕾, 张飞飞, 宋志强, 杨江峰, 李立博, 李晋平. 金属有机骨架材料用于吸附分离CH₄和N₂的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 5107-5117.

MA Lei, ZHANG Feifei, SONG Zhiqiang, YANG Jiangfeng, LI Libo, LI Jinping. Development of metal-organic frameworks in adsorptive separation of CH₄-N₂[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 5107-5117.

图/表 1

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金属有机骨架材料用于吸附分离CH₄和N₂的研究进展

Development of metal-organic frameworks in adsorptive separation of CH₄-N₂

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