超疏水表面自修复及应用的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超疏水表面因具有诸多优异特性而展现出良好的应用前景，但在实际应用中容易受到外界机械力损坏或化学侵蚀，赋予超疏水表面自修复性能可以较好地改善表面耐久性，延长其使用寿命。本文针对修复构成超疏水表面的微观结构与低表面能物质展开论述，介绍了在湿度、温度、光等外界因素的引发下超疏水表面对低表面能物质的修复行为与特点，以及以形状记忆聚合物为主制备的超疏水表面对微观结构进行修复的过程。此外，介绍了具有自修复性能的超疏水表面在防腐蚀、油水分离、防覆冰等领域的应用。最后，讨论了通过优化表面结构和化学组成开发自修复超疏水表面的挑战和前景，环保型且无需外界刺激即可迅速对微观结构与低表面能物质进行双重修复的超疏水表面具有重要的研究意义。

关键词: 自修复, 超疏水表面, 微观结构, 低表面能物质

Abstract:

Superhydrophobic surfaces have shown good application prospects because of their excellent properties. However, the super hydrophobicity will be lost if superhydrophobic surfaces are damaged by external mechanical forces and chemical erosion in practical applications. The superhydrophobic surface durability could be improved by endowing with self-healing property. In this study, the research progress of the fabrication and applications of the superhydrophobic surface with self-healing performance were described from the point of micro-nano structures and low surface energy materials. The self-healing behaviors and characteristics in relation to low surface energy materials of superhydrophobic surfaces caused by external factors, such as humidity, temperature, and light were introduced. Meanwhile, the restoring process of the microstructure of superhydrophobic surface mainly prepared by shape memory polymers was introduced. Besides, the applications of the superhydrophobic surface with self-healing performance in the fields of anti-corrosion, oil-water separation, and anti-icing were presented. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the development of self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces by optimizing surface structures and chemical compositions were discussed. It is of great significance to develop an environment-friendly superhydrophobic surface that can heal both the microstructure and low surface energy materials rapidly without external stimulation.

Key words: self-healing, superhydrophobic surface, microstructure, low surface energy material

中图分类号:

TB34

雷瑜, 田蒙蒙, 张心亚, 蒋翔. 超疏水表面自修复及应用的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2624-2633.

LEI Yu, TIAN Mengmeng, ZHANG Xinya, JIANG Xiang. Research progress on the self-healing property and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2624-2633.

图/表 7

图1 超疏水表面自修复过程原理[12]

图2 水性自修复超疏水表面的修复原理[22]

图3 基于固体废物的近红外光响应自修复超疏水表面制备过程示意[23]

图4 仿生PDMS薄膜的制备原理示意[26]

图5 镁合金自修复防腐蚀体系的制备[28]

图6 基于形状记忆聚合物（SMPs）自修复过程的原理[31]

图7 智能超疏水涂层对微观结构和表面化学的响应过程[36]

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