干燥剂换热器系统用吸湿性聚合物材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0716

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干燥剂换热器克服了干燥剂吸水升温导致吸水能力下降的缺点，还可实现太阳能、工业废热等低品位热源的利用，具有较好的除湿能力和节能潜力。干燥剂的特性决定着干燥剂换热器系统的除湿性能。相比于硅胶、沸石等常规干燥剂，吸湿性聚合物在吸水量上存在着巨大优势，而通过掺杂硅胶、无机盐等制得的聚合物基复合干燥剂的吸湿性能更优。近年来，越来越多的国内外学者对吸湿性聚合物在干燥剂换热器系统中的应用进行研究。本文将吸湿性聚合物分为天然和合成两大类，详细介绍了其性能特点以及在干燥剂换热器系统中的除湿性能研究，其中合成类主要包括聚合物电解质、金属-有机骨架化合物和聚合物基复合干燥剂。同时，还对干燥剂换热器中的黏结剂进行了分析和总结。最后对吸湿性聚合物和黏结剂今后的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 聚合物, 干燥剂换热器, 复合材料, 吸附, 除湿

Abstract:

Desiccant coated heat exchangers (DCHE) overcome the negative impact of released heat of adsorption during water vapor adsorption. It can also make use of low-grade heat sources, such as solar energy and industrial waste heat, and thus higher dehumidification performance and energy saving potential can be achieved. The dehumidification performance of DCHE based systems is determined by the characteristics of coated desiccants. Compared with conventional desiccants like silica gels and zeolites, hygroscopic polymers have a great advantage in water uptake. Meanwhile, these hygroscopic polymer-based composites fabricated by doping silica gels or inorganic salts have better water adsorption abilities. Recently, more and more scholars have studied the performance of hygroscopic polymers in DCHE based systems at home and abroad. In this paper, hygroscopic polymers were divided into two categories, namely natural and synthetic. The latter mainly included polymer electrolytes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and polymer-based composites. Their dehumidification performance in DCHE based systems was analyzed and summarized. Binders used in DCHE based systems were also summed up. Finally, future development of hygroscopic polymers and binders was prospected.

Key words: polymer, desiccant coated heat exchanger, composites, adsorption, dehumidification

中图分类号:

TU834

陈康, 朱燕, 郑旭. 干燥剂换热器系统用吸湿性聚合物材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 959-968.

Kang CHEN, Yan ZHU, Xu ZHENG. Recent progress of hygroscopic polymers for desiccant coated heat exchanger systems[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 959-968.

图/表 6

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聚合物电解质	吸附条件 /℃,RH/%	吸湿量 /gH₂O·g^-1Ads	再生条件/℃，RH/%
聚丙烯酸钠^[15]	30,70	0.62	50,70
聚丙烯酸钠^[15]	30,80	0.63	50,70
IR100Na^[24]	25,80	0.06	30~150,—
IR100Mg^[24]	25,80	0.18	30~150,—
IR100Li^[24]	25,80	0.22	30~150,—
poly-Na^[29]	20,70	0.61	—
poly-K^[29]	20,70	0.17	—

聚合物电解质	吸附条件 /℃,RH/%	吸湿量 /gH₂O·g^-1Ads	再生条件/℃，RH/%
聚丙烯酸钠^[15]	30,70	0.62	50,70
聚丙烯酸钠^[15]	30,80	0.63	50,70
IR100Na^[24]	25,80	0.06	30~150,—
IR100Mg^[24]	25,80	0.18	30~150,—
IR100Li^[24]	25,80	0.22	30~150,—
poly-Na^[29]	20,70	0.61	—
poly-K^[29]	20,70	0.17	—

金属有机骨架	比表面积/m²·g^-1	比孔容/cm³·g^-1	吸附条件/℃,P/P₀	吸湿量/gH₂O·g^-1Ads	再生温度/℃
MIL-100(Al)^[36]	1970	—	30,0.8	0.76	70
MIL-100(Fe)^[36]	2300±100	—	30,0.8	0.90	70
MIL-100(Cr)^[36]	1980	—	30,0.8	0.72	70
MIL-101(Cr)^[37]	2059	1.103	25,0.7	0.92	90
MIL-100(F)^[38]	1517	—	25, 0.5	0.68	80
MIL-100(Cl)^[38]	1522	—	25,0.5	0.60	80
MIL-101-H^[39]	3124	1.56	25,0.6	1.3	80
MIL-101-NH₂^[39]	2146	1.22	25,0.6	0.94	80
MIL-101-NO₂^[39]	2509	1.07	25,0.6	0.93	80
MIL-101-SO₃H^[39]	1920	0.92	25,0.6	0.68	80
NH₂-MIL-125^[40]	1320±20	0.56±0.01	20,—	0.42	75~90
NH₂-MIL-125^[40]	1320±20	0.56±0.01	30,—	0.39	110

金属有机骨架	比表面积/m²·g^-1	比孔容/cm³·g^-1	吸附条件/℃,P/P₀	吸湿量/gH₂O·g^-1Ads	再生温度/℃
MIL-100(Al)^[36]	1970	—	30,0.8	0.76	70
MIL-100(Fe)^[36]	2300±100	—	30,0.8	0.90	70
MIL-100(Cr)^[36]	1980	—	30,0.8	0.72	70
MIL-101(Cr)^[37]	2059	1.103	25,0.7	0.92	90
MIL-100(F)^[38]	1517	—	25, 0.5	0.68	80
MIL-100(Cl)^[38]	1522	—	25,0.5	0.60	80
MIL-101-H^[39]	3124	1.56	25,0.6	1.3	80
MIL-101-NH₂^[39]	2146	1.22	25,0.6	0.94	80
MIL-101-NO₂^[39]	2509	1.07	25,0.6	0.93	80
MIL-101-SO₃H^[39]	1920	0.92	25,0.6	0.68	80
NH₂-MIL-125^[40]	1320±20	0.56±0.01	20,—	0.42	75~90
NH₂-MIL-125^[40]	1320±20	0.56±0.01	30,—	0.39	110

聚合物基复合干燥剂	吸附条件 /℃,P·P₀^-1	吸湿量 /gH₂O·g^-1Ads	再生温度 /℃	性能改善点
PAAS/LiCl^[14]	25, 99	2.96	＜80	加入氯化锂后聚丙烯酸钠的吸湿量增加了一倍
MIL-101(Cr)/GrO^[34]	25, 90	1.24	—	提高了MIL-101(Cr)的热导率
SG/PAA/PAAS^[41]	25, 70	0.24	40~50	复合材料的吸湿量高出硅胶41%，复合材料除湿床的压降比硅胶除湿床低69%
MIL-101(Cr)/CaCl₂^[44]	25, 90	1.35	—	吸湿性随氯化钙的浓度的升高而提高
PVA/LiCl^[45]	30, 80	1.77	60	加入氯化锂后聚乙烯醇的吸湿量提高，吸湿速度快，PLCHE的除湿能力和COP_th有所提高
PAAS/LiCl^[46]	30, 80	2.32	60	PAAS/LiCl的吸湿量比PVA/LiCl更高，除湿性能更好
MIL-101(Cr)@GO^[47]	25, 90	1.58	60	提高了吸湿量，具有良好的再生特性和热稳定性