关键词: 微塑料, 污染, 分布, 吸附, 生物毒性

Abstract:

Microplastics have long stayed in freshwater systems because of their larger surface area and hydrophobic characteristics, and microplastics pollution in freshwater has attracted wide attention from scholars and the public at home and abroad. In order to assess the environmental risks of microplastics in a more comprehensive way, this paper summarizes the current pollution status of microplastics in freshwater environment, the adsorption of microplastics to pollutants, the biotoxicity of microplastics to freshwater organisms and the control of microplastics pollution. Microplastics can be divided into primary and secondary microplastics. They are widely distributed in reservoirs, lakes, rivers and other waters, where population density and human activities, seasonal and hydrological characteristics affect microplastics distribution in freshwater. Microplastics have different degrees of adsorption to traditional pollutants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and emerging pollutants such as antibiotics, and the adsorption behavior of microplastics is related to the properties of microplastics, the hydrophobic nature of pollutants and environmental factors such as pH, ion strength, temperature and dissolved organic matter in the water environment. In addition, microplastics can accumulate in freshwater organisms and cause physical, biochemical and other damage to aquatic organisms, while microplastics can carry pollutants to cause compound effects. Therefore, microplastics pollution needs to be controlled, control methods mainly include source control, the removal of microplastics in sewage treatment plants and the remediation of microplastics pollution.

Key words: microplastics, pollution, distribution, adsorption, biotoxicity