生物医用材料聚乳酸的合成及其改性研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0656

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚乳酸是一种具有良好生物相容性的可降解生物材料，被广泛应用于医药、医疗和食品包装等领域。随着科学技术的进步，对聚乳酸材料的性能提出了新的要求和用途，研究者在合成方法和改性研究方面也取得了新的成果。本文阐述了聚乳酸的化学结构和基本特性，常用合成方法，包括阳离子聚合、阴离子聚合和配位聚合的基本概念和应用实例，介绍了近年来发展的酶催化聚合、超临界二氧化碳中聚合等绿色合成方法，着重介绍了聚乳酸亲水改性、pH响应改性和分支结构改性等几种用于医用方面的改性方法，最后对聚乳酸材料研究发展方向进行了展望，提出在聚乳酸基体中添加极低含量的无机纳米粒子填充物，可显著改善复合材料的性能，指出生物纳米复合包装材料的技术开发是未来几年着重研究的方向。

关键词: 聚乳酸, 合成方法, 改性, 生物相容性

Abstract:

Due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability, polylactic acid is widely used in the fields of the drug, medicine and food packing and so on. With the progress of science and technology, some new requirements and purposes have been put forward for the properties of polylactic acid materials. Researchers have also made some new achievements in the synthesis methods and the modification research. The chemical constitution and basic properties of polylactic acid were described and the common synthetic methods of polylactic acid were discussed, including the basic concepts and application examples on cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization and coordination polymerization. The green synthetic methods such as enzymatic catalytic polymerization and polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide developed in recent years were introduced. The hydrophilic modification, pH response modification and branch structure modification of polylactic acid were also emphatically introduced. Finally, the development directions of polylactic acid material research were prospected. It was proposed that adding very low content of inorganic nanoparticles filler into polylactic acid matrix can significantly improve the properties of composite materials. It was pointed out that the development of bio-nanocomposite packaging materials was a development direction of emphasis on research in the next few years.

Key words: polylactic acid, synthetic method, modification, biocompatibility

中图分类号:

TB34

詹世平,万泽韬,王景昌,阜金秋,赵启成. 生物医用材料聚乳酸的合成及其改性研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(1): 199-205.

Shiping ZHAN,Zetao WAN,Jingchang WANG,Jinqiu FU,Qicheng ZHAO. Synthesis and modification of biomedical material polylactic acid[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(1): 199-205.

图/表 8

图1 乳酸的结构示意图

图2 PLA简单的水解机理

图3 PLA催化水解降解简单的机理

图4 质子酸引发丙交酯开环聚合

图5 由开环聚合念珠菌脂肪酶催化合成聚乳酸[20]

图6 双亲PLA-b-PMA的制备[27]

图7 聚合物-药物pH响应系统模型示意图[28]

图8 星形支化PLA-b-PMPC共聚物作为疏水药物长血液循环载体的结构[32]

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